B7 - Enteritides, basic forms

Question 1

What is the intestines?

Answer 1

Part of the digestive system where food is broken down, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is formed.
Have 5 layers:
- Mucosa (enterocytes)
- Lamina propria
- Submucosa
- Tunica muscularis
- Serosa

Question 2

What is the role of the intestines?

Answer 2

besides digestion and nutrient absorption, the intestines are a critical immune organ, defending the body through: especially a healthy microbiota

Question 3

What is the microbiota?

Answer 3

Community of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, palying a role in digestion, nutrient production, immune system development and protection against harmful microbes.

The microbiota protects the gut from infections, by being relatively resistant to colonization by new organisms

• Change in diet or antibiotic treatment can disrupt this = diarrhoea

Question 4

What is enteritides?

Answer 4

Inflammation of the intestines

Question 5

Classification of enteritides:

Answer 5

• Location: Small/large intestines
• Tissue extension: Superficialis/profunda
• Causative agent: Exogenous/Endogenous

Question 5

Forms of enteritides

Answer 5

1. Acute catarrhal
2. Chronic catarrhal
3. Haemorrhagic
4. Cropous
5. Necrotic
6. Proliferative
7. Suppurative

• inflammation of the large bowel

Question 6

Acute catarrhal enteritides

Answer 6

Common form, fatal within 12-24hours

• Lesions: Swollen, visible blood vessels, proliferation of goblet cells

Question 7

Chronic catarrhal enteritides

Answer 7

Progress slowly

Lesions: The mucosa is covered in thick and sticky mucus, connective tissue formation, thickened wall

Question 8

Haemorrhagic enteritides

Answer 8

Develop fast and is, in most cases, fatal - But not very frequent !

• Lesions: Swollen, visible blood vessels, proliferation of goblet cells, haemprrhages caused by diapedesis

Differential diagnosis: Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (often assosiated with clostridum perfringens, leading to sudden onset of severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea and death due to shocl)

Question 9

Necrotic enteritides

Answer 9

Rare!
- Lesions: Primary necrosis

Question 10

Proliferative enteritides

Answer 10

Large thickening of the wall

Question 11

Supparative enteritides

Answer 11

Rare!
Develops secondary to catarrhal

• Lesions: Small abscesses form

Question 12

Inflammation of large intestines

Answer 12

Can take several forms:

• Colitis
• inflammatory bowel disease

Question 13

What is inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 13

Chronic (lasting more than 3 weeks), idiopathic conditiona ffeting the GI-tract, and we see anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and weight loss.

• Dysbiosis of the microbiota, defective mucosal barrier fucntion allowing food and bacterial agents to penetrate

In humans = Chron’s disease