Babies

Question 1

2 functions of reproductive system

Answer 1

1. Provide a way for fertilization to occur 2. Furnished environment that is conductive to the development of a fertilized ovum

Question 2

Time frame for fertilization, why?

Answer 2

5 days Sperm lives for 3 days Egg lives for 2

Question 3

What is capacitation

Answer 3

A process that allows sperm to release enzymes that allow access to the ovum

Question 4

Three things that happen after sperm and egg unite

Answer 4

1. pronuclei fuse 2. meiosis 2 3.egg swells to block sperm

Question 5

How is sex determined in humans

Answer 5

X: female Y: male

Question 6

How long does it take for the embryo to reach the uterus

Answer 6

(3-4 days)

Question 7

What is a blastocyst

Answer 7

Fluid filled sphere of cells

Question 8

Two parts of a blastocyst

Answer 8

Trophoblast-outer spear of cells (contribute to the formation of the placenta)

Inner cell mass- accumulation of cells that will become the embryo

Question 9

When does the blastocyst implant in the endometrium

Answer 9

7 days after fertilization

Question 10

What is necessary to maintain the endometrium and HOW

Answer 10

Estrogen and progesterone Maintain the endometrium in inhibit the secretion of FSH & LH which prevents the development of any follicles

Question 11

What makes the corpus luteum stay? What is it like produced by?

Answer 11

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HGC CHORION

Question 12

When does the body no longer depend on the corpus luteum?

Answer 12

Second month

Question 13

What does the placenta do 3

Answer 13

1. Supply nutrients and remove waste from baby 2. Endocrine gland 3. Estrogen and progesterone

Question 14

What feral blood vessels supply the placenta with blood?

Answer 14

umbelical artery

Question 15

4 embryonic membranes

Answer 15

Amnion, yolk sac, Allantois, chorion

Question 16

Amnion

Answer 16

-surrounds cavity between inner cell mass and trophoblasts - eventually will surround fetus - amniotic fluid protects embryo and maintains temp

Question 17

Yolk Sac

Answer 17

• never grows serves nutritional function in humans - forms gut tube of the embryo

Question 18

Allantois

Answer 18

• serves as a storage site for waste products - base of umbelical cord

Question 19

Chorion

Answer 19

• formed from trophoblast and mesoderm - surrounds everything - helps make placenta

Question 20

Endoderm forms:

Answer 20

Epithelial lining of glands of digestive and respiratory tract

Question 21

Mesoderm forms:

Answer 21

All skeletal, most smooth and al cardiac muscle Connective tissue

Question 22

Ectoderm

Answer 22

All nervous tissue Epidermis of skin

Question 23

How long is gestation

Answer 23

280 days from first day of last period

Question 24

Human Chronic Somatomammotropin HCS

Answer 24

-decreases mothers use of glucose to increase glucose of baby

Question 25

How often do twins occur

Answer 25

1 in 85

Question 26

Parturition

Answer 26

The process by which the fetus is expelled from the uterus

Question 27

Why are babies usually born with their head facing downwards

Answer 27

Allows head to act as a wedge for the cervix and vagina

Question 28

What is afterbirth? Why does it come out?

Answer 28

Contractions separates placenta from wall of uterus and expels it as afterbirth

Question 29

When does uterus return to normal size

Answer 29

A few minutes after delivery

Question 30

What 3 factors are associated with parturition

Answer 30

1. Oxytocin 2. Prostaglandins 3. Oxytocin receptors

Question 31

Outline the theory of how parturition works

Answer 31

1. Oxytocin receptors increase because of estrogen 2. Increasing sensitivity to oxytocin 3. Oxytocin stimulates Prostaglandin 4. Prostaglandin and oxytocin cause contractions 5. Cervix pressure releases more oxytocin

Question 32

What is lactation

Answer 32

Production of milk by mammary glands

Question 33

What hormones stimulates the growth of the duct system in the breasts

Answer 33

Estrogen and progesterone makes boobies get big

Question 34

Milk production hormone

Answer 34

Prolactin

Question 35

Why is the majority of milk produced after delivery

Answer 35

Because of high levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnany

Question 36

What action by the infant stimulates milk production

Answer 36

Sucking of titty

Question 37

How is the umbilical vein different from the other vessels in the fetus

Answer 37

only blood vessle with 100% O2 blood

Question 38

What is another name for the umbilicus

Answer 38

Belly button Naval

Question 39

What causes an infant to take its first breath

Answer 39

The decrease in O2 and increase in CO2

Question 40

Foramen ovale

Answer 40

Fossa ovailis

Question 41

Ductus arterious

Answer 41

Ligamentum arteriousum

Question 42

Proximal portions of umbilical arteries

Answer 42

Superior vesicle arteries

Question 43

Rest of umbilical arteries

Answer 43

Umbilical ligaments

Question 44

Umbilical veins

Answer 44

Ligamentum Teres

Question 45

Ductus venosus

Answer 45

Ligamentum venosum

Question 46

flow of blood through fetus

Answer 46

**Fetus \> Umbilical Arteries \> placenta \>** **Umbilical Vein** / \ Ductous Venosus\>IVC Liver \> IVC **FROM THE IVC** **IVC\> RA \> RV\> pulmonary trunk \> Ductus Arteriousus\> Aorta\> BOdy of Fetus** **or** **IVC\> RA \> RV\> Foramen Ovale \> LA\> LV\> aorta\>BOdy of Fetus**

Question 47

Milk Let-Down Reflex

Answer 47

If one booby is sucked on, both release milk