Give 3 features of Baroque texture?
Polyphonic, imitation, fugal
Describe the melody.
-Mostly Conjunct, though there are leaps
-Often Conjunct movement extends to scalic runs (especially in Harpsichord)
-There are occasional ornaments, with trills in the harpsichord part.
-There are appoggiaturas in the main middle section theme when it turns A major.
-Triadic
What is an appoggiatura?
It is a “long” grace note played on the beat that takes a significant portion of the main note’s value.
Describe the tonality.
-The music is in D Major major
-This key is used for most of the two A sections
-The B section modulates to the dominant and relative minor.
-The music is Diationic
Describe the Harmony.
-The harmony uses the standard chords of the time (I,IV,V), including dominant sevenths.
-The harmony is functional
-Users mainly root position and first inversion chords.
-perfect cadences at the end of sections.
-suspensions are used occasionally.
Diatonic.
Describe the tempo, meter and rhythm.
2/4
Duple time -2 beats to the bar
Music could also be notated in 6/8 compound time. Essentially a Baroque gigue.
It uses triplets and dotted rhythm throughout .
The dotted quaver-semiquaver grouping would’ve been performed in a triplet rhythm.
The Harsichord part in particular as many semiquaver runs
Allegro tempo, creates energetic character, typical of gigue.
What does HOP stand for?
Harpsichord
Ornamentation
Polyphonic
Describe the structure.
The movement is a large ternary (ABA).
Like the first movement, the third movement could be thought of as Ritornello form.
Describe the structure in section À
D. Major.
Begins in fugal style
There are brief sections in the dominant key - A major.
Describe the structure in section B
Middle section begins in the relative key (B minor)
The second theme returns in bar 148 , dominant (A major) in the Ripieno.
Fragments of the theme from section a make frequent appearances.
The section ends with a perfect cadence can B minor
Describe the structure in the second part A ( 233-end )
A repeat of a section opening, beginning with an extra D Major cord in the continuo to establish the return to the tonic key.
What was in the continuo?
One or more bass instruments, such as cello and double bass, together with at least one chordal instrument such as a harpsichord or Cembalo.
What was in the Ripieno?
String Orchestra - only has one violin part.
What was in the concertino?
Solo group - consists of the combination of flute, violin and harpsichord.
When was the Baroque period?
1600 to 1750
Why was the Baroque flute different from today’s instrument?
It was made of wood, had finger holes and just one metal key.
In the Brandenburg Concertos how did Bach break tradition, in the fifth Concerto?
-There is an extended Virtuoso
-Occasionally the Harpsichord plays continuous chords
-The Ripieno
-The Concertino.
Describe the dynamics.
Terraced dynamics - this is where music becomes louder or softer as a result of the number of instruments playing.
What is fugue?
Music for several instruments that imitate each other. Subject, answer + counter subject.
Which type of Concerto features a small group of solo instruments?
Concerto Grosso
Which key signatures have two sharps?
D major / B minor
