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Bach Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four features of a cantanta?

A

For voice and instruments, in several movements
Medium length
Sacred or secular
Some movements for soloists, some for chorus

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2
Q

What was this pieces original purpose?

A

For reformation day. A major festival in the Lutheran church

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3
Q

Where does the melody originally come from?

A

Martin Luthers Choral

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4
Q

Is the melody conjunct or disjunct?

A

Conjunct

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5
Q

How is each phrase of the melody heard in movement one?

A

In turn

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6
Q

Which phrase is particularly ornamented?

A

phrase 1

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7
Q

What instruments are working in canon?

A

3 oboes and the violone

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8
Q

In movemet two is the melody more ornamented?

A

The ornamentation is more intense

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9
Q

Who is the soloist doubled by?

A

Solo oboe and additional ornamentation

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10
Q

Which part is not related to the choral melody?

A

The bass solo

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11
Q

How does Bach create melodic extension and development?

A

Extended melismas

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12
Q

How does Bach create instrumental character?

A

Bold leaps in non-melismatic passages

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13
Q

What are the vocal parts based on?

A

Triadic shapes and repeated notes

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14
Q

What form is movement 8 in?

A

Congregational form

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15
Q 
Which of the following are used in the melody?
Chromaticism
Triplets
Doubling
Turns
A

Chromaticism

Doubling

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16
Q

What type of harmony does Bach use?

A

Functional

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17
Q

Why does he use functional harmony and how?

A

To establish the major and minor keys through tonic and dominant triads

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18
Q

What do passing notes create in movement 8?

A

Additional rhythmic movement and melodic flow

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19
Q

How is the harmony enhanced?

A

The addition of non-triadic notes

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20
Q

Where is there dissonance?

A

In suspensions

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21
Q

What is the overall structure of the 8 movements?

A 
Chorus
Duet
Recitative
Aria
Chorus
Recitative
Duet
Chorus
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22
Q

What does the structure of movement one depend on?

A

Structure of chorale melody

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23
Q

What are the 9 phrases of the choral?

A 
Ein feste burg
Ein gute wenler
En wilft vus furei
Die usis itzt hat
Der alte bose Feind
Mit Ernst
Grob Macht
Sein grawson Rustury
Auf End ist Nicht
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24
Q

What is the tonic?

A

D major

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25
What does the piece modulate to?
``` G A F sharp minor E minor B minor C sharp minor ```
26
How is movement 8 harmonised?
Homophonic style
27
Why is there so little minor tonality in movement 8?
Theme is confidence in god and Bach would've wanted to avoid any contrary ideas
28
What is the arrangement of the doubling?
Soprano, alto and tenor voices are doubled by the first, second violas and the viola The bass is frequently doubled by the cellos
29
Why is there 3 oboes?
To help bring out the choral melody
30
When does the violone play?
Only in canonic sections - answering the oboes
31
What else is used to bring out the choral melody?
The added trumpets
32
What does the organ provide?
Harmonic support
33
How is movement 2 contrasting?
Soprano and bass solos First and second violins play in unison There is a continuo
34
What is an Oboe D'amoure?
A mezzo-soprano oboe with a gentler sound
35
What are the indicated dynamics?
Like in most Baroque works there is no indicated dynamics
36
What is the texture of movement one?
Contrapuntal throughout
37
Why is the treatment of phrases 1 and 3 special?
They create fugal expositions
38
What is hetrophony?
The simultaneous presentation of two versions of a melody
39
What is the texture of movement 2?
Contrapuntal throughout
40
What is the texture of movement 8?
Homophonic - Soprano accompanied by alto, tenor and bass
41
Why are there no tempo directions?
Performers were expected to judge the tempo from the character and note values
42
What is special about the cut common time signature?
Normally represents simple duple time but in earlier music it represents 2 minims per bar
43
What is the time sig. of movement 2 and 8?
Simple quadruple
44
How does Bach achieve textural clarity in movements one and two?
Through different rhythmic patterns and note values
45
Why does the canon stand out?
Use of long note values/augmented
46
Where is the most quaver movement in movement 8?
In the lower parts
47
Where are the only pair of semi-quavers in movement 8?
Final phrase
48
What is the purpose of fermatas?
To mark out the final chords
49
What chords does no.2 intro outline?
I,V, IV
50
What chords are outlined in No.8?
I, V IV, II
51
Dixit Dominus melody
``` latin - catholic orchestral intro not set less doubling in instruments leaps of octave and 7th mostly conjunct scalic repetative cantusfirmus sequencing melismas descending ```
52
dixit dominus harmony
``` functional lots of perfect cadences repetative some chromaticism accidentals ```
53
dixit dominus key
Gm | no modulations
54
dixit dominus Rhythm/tempo/metre
``` Repetitive busy but not complex basso continuo cross rhythms crotchet rests semiquaver scales motopapetuo semiquavers in strings ```
55
dixit dominus composer and date
Handel 1707
56
dixit dominus sonority
SATB no dynamic markings 2 violas, 2 violins, basso continuo
57
Handel and the Glory of the lord
``` 1742 The Messiah Basso continuo A major SATB Polyphonic canon melismatic doubling hemiola, sequence, ostinato peddles and cadences ```
58
Comparisons
``` Glory of the lord St. Nicolas Jerusalem Messiah Wachet auf Telemann Nelson Mass ```
59
Context
``` 1731 reformation sunday baroque first performed in Lepizig at St Thomas Church Bach musical director over 800 chorales ```
60
What did the cantata originally come from?
composition Bach wrote in 1715 at Easter | Ales Was Von Gott Geboren
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