Back/Neck Movements

Question 1

erector spinae group muscles

Answer 1

Medial to lateral: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

Question 2

spinalis movements

Answer 2

Unilaterally: laterally flex to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the spine

Question 3

spinalis group o/i

Answer 3

O:

• Thoracis: SP of T10-L2
• Cervicis: ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7

I:

• Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic
• Cervicis: SP of cervicals (except C1)

Question 4

Longissimus movements

Answer 4

Unilaterally: laterally flex to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the spine

Question 5

Longissimus o/i

Answer 5

O:

• Thoracis: common tendon
• Cervicis and capitus: TP of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae

I:

• Thoracis: lower 9 ribs and TP of thoracic vertebrae
• Cervicis: TP of cervical vertebrae
• Capitus: mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 6

Iliocostalis movements

Answer 6

Unilaterally: laterally flex to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the spine

Question 7

Iliocostalis o/i

Answer 7

O:

• Lumborum: common tendon
• Thoracis and cervicis: posterior surface of ribs 1-12

I:

• Lumborum: TP of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12
• Thoracis: posterior surface of ribs 1-6
• Cervicis: TP of lower cervical vertebrae

Question 8

Multifidi and rotatores movements

Answer 8

Unilaterally: rotate to the opposite side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

Question 9

Multifidi and rotatores o/i

Answer 9

O:

• Multifidi: sacrum and TP of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
• Rotatores: TP of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

I: SP of lumbar vertebrae though cervical vertebrae
(multifidi span 2-4 vertebrae while rotators span 1-2)

Question 10

Semispinalis capitis movements

Answer 10

extends the vertebral column and head

Question 11

Semispinalis capitis o/i

Answer 11

O: TP of C4-T5

I: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput

Question 12

Splenius capitus and cervicis movements

Answer 12

Unilaterally: sidebend and rotate to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the head/neck

Question 13

Splenius capitus and cervicis o/i

Answer 13

O:

• Capitis: inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchal and SP of C7-T4
• Cervicis: SP of T3-6

I:

• Capitus: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
• Cervicis: TP of C1-3

Question 14

Rectus capitis posterior major movements

Answer 14

rocks and tilts the head back into extension

rotates head to the same side

Question 15

Rectus capitis posterior major o/i

Answer 15

O: SP of axis C2

I: inferior nuchal line of the occiput

Question 16

Rectus capitis posterior minor movements

Answer 16

rocks and tilts the head back into extension

Question 17

Rectus capitis posterior minor o/i

Answer 17

O: posterior arch tubercle of C1

I: inferior nuchal line of the occiput

Question 18

Oblique capitis superior movements

Answer 18

rocks and tilts the head back into extension

laterally flexes the head

Question 19

Oblique capitis superior o/i

Answer 19

O: TP of C1

I: between the nuchal lines of the occiput

Question 20

Oblique capitis inferior movements

Answer 20

rotates head to the same side

Question 21

Oblique capitis inferior o/i

Answer 21

O: SP of C2

I: TP of C1

Question 22

Quadratus lumborum movements

Answer 22

Unilaterally:

• laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis
• laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
• assist to extend the vertebral column

Bilaterally:
-fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation

Question 23

Quadratus lumborum o/i

Answer 23

O: posterior iliac crest

I: last rib and TP of 1-4 lumbar vertebrae

Question 24

Rectus abdominis movements

Answer 24

flexes the vertebral column

posteriorly tilts the pelvis

Question 25

Rectus abdominis o/i

Answer 25

O: pubic crest, pubic symphysis I: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

Question 26

External oblique movements

Answer 26

Unilaterally: - laterally flexes to same side - rotates to opposite side Bilaterally: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents

Question 27

External oblique o/i

Answer 27

O: external surfaces of ribs 5-12 I: anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 28

Internal oblique movements

Answer 28

Unilaterally: - laterally flex to same side - rotate to same side Bilaterally: - flex vertebral column - compress abdominal contents

Question 29

Internal oblique o/i

Answer 29

O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia I: internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 30

Transverse abdominis movements

Answer 30

compress abdominal contents

Question 31

Transverse abdominis o/i

Answer 31

O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower 6 ribs I: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 32

Sternocleidomastoid movements

Answer 32

Unilaterally: - laterally flexes to the same side - rotates to the opposite side Bilaterally: - flexes the neck - assists to elevate the ribcage during inhalation

Question 33

Sternocleidomastoid o/i

Answer 33

O: - sternal head: top of manubrium - clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle I: mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Question 34

Scalenes movements

Answer 34

Unilaterally: - with the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head/neck to same side - rotate head and neck to opposite side Bilaterally: - elevate the ribs during inhalation - flex the head and neck (ANTERIOR ONLY)

Question 35

Scalenes o/i

Answer 35

Anterior: O: TP of C1-3 (anterior tubercles) I: 1st rib Middle: O: TP of C2-7 (posterior tubercles) I: 1st rib Posterior: O: TP of C6-7 (posterior tubercles) I: 2nd rib