Backbench Business Committee
the 1922 committee ‘the 22’
backbench rebellion
backbenchers not adhering to the whip - embarassing for PMs
single line whip
guide according to party policy, not binding or mandatory attendance
two line whip
partially binding and mandatory attendance unless previously excused
three line whip
mandatory voting and attendance, not adhering to it can mean expulsion from party
Theresa May government defeats in Commons
33, including defeat of brexit deal in Jan 2019
Johnson defeats
12 in 2019, but after re-election was only defeated 4 times due to 80 seat majority.