Y4 - Large animals > Backyard Poultry > Flashcards

Backyard Poultry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are outdoor hybrid poultry breeds?

A
  • Black rock
  • Calder Ranger
  • Blue belle
  • Speckledy
  • Amber star
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2
Q

What are pure breeds?

A
  • Ancona
  • Brahma
  • Cochin
  • Malay
  • New Hampshire Red
  • Old English Game Bantam
  • Plymouth Rock
  • Scots Grey
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3
Q

What are commercial laying hybrids?

A
  • Isa brown
  • Hissex brown
  • Hy-line
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4
Q

What are commercial meat hybrids?

A
  • Ross
  • Cobb
  • Hubbard
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5
Q

What history should be taken with a phone call?

A
  • Location
  • Housing - environment
  • Management - feed, water, vermin
  • Flock details - source, health
  • Biosecurity measures
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6
Q

Why is housing important? what needs to be regulated?

A
  • Protection - adverse weather + predators
  • Temperature
  • Ventilation
  • Dustiness
  • Ammonia / other gas development
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7
Q

What can improper handling lead to?

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • Skeletal injuries
  • Stress
  • Dead
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8
Q

What are normal TPR for poultry?

A
  • Temp = 40-42 oC
  • HR = 120-160 bpm
  • RR = 20-130 brpm
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9
Q

When assessing a bird what should be checked?

A
  • Temp
  • Mouth
  • Oropharynx
  • External parasites
  • Vent
  • Abdomen
  • Feathers
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10
Q

What are external parasites of birds?

A
  • Lice
  • Red mite
  • Northern fowl mite
  • Scaly leg mite
  • De-plumbing mite
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11
Q

Where can you take blood samples of birds?

A
  • Wing vein
  • Right jugular vein
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12
Q

How can faecal samples be collected?

A
  • Cloacal swab
  • Dropping
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13
Q

What worm eggs could be seen?

A
  • Gizzard worm
  • Trichostrongyle
  • Heterakis
  • Gapeworm
  • Capilaria

Protozoal = Eimeria spp

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14
Q

What can be used for imaging?

A
  • Radiography
  • Ultrasound
  • Endoscopy
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15
Q

What should be seen in normal bird?

A
  • Dry nostril
  • Red comb
  • Bright eyes
  • Normal shaped beak
  • Present + shiny feathers
  • Clean vent
  • Straight toes
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16
Q

What are skeletal conditions of birds?

A
  • Fractures
  • Kyphosis
  • Scoliosis
  • Spondylosis
  • Bent breastbone
  • Rickets
  • Bent toes
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17
Q

What glands do birds have?

A
  • Uropygieal / preen gland = produce lipid secretion for feather maintenance
  • Within outer auditory canal
  • Ventral glands of cloaca
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18
Q

What are the functions of feathers?

A
  • Flight
  • Insulation value = temp regulation + incubation/brooding
  • Behaviour
  • Moulting
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19
Q

What is a brood patch?

A
  • Mostly caudal half of the ventral apterium (eg. Raptors, pigeon and passerines
  • Hormon controlled
  • Prior to laying, brood patch looses all/part feathers and highly vascularised
  • Many thermo-receptors
  • Subsequent cycle of moulting, feathers regrown
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20
Q

What are problems related to feathers?

A
  • Feather pecking
  • Moulting
  • Wing clipping
  • Nutrition
  • De-plumbing mite
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21
Q

How do you perform wing clipping?

A
  • Cut first 10 primary feathers on one wing - stop chickens from flying away - over fences
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22
Q

What are indicators of skin problems?

A
  • Discoloured comb = pale, purple, black, yellow, white flakes, white spots
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23
Q

What else is seen with skin problems?

A
  • Breast blisters
  • Wounds
  • Ear infections
  • Ringworm
  • Bumble foot
  • Spurs
  • Vent pecking
  • Erysipelas
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24
Q

how can you treat external parasites?

A
  • Flurolaner
  • Louse powder = louse + mites (if contain permethrin)
  • Scaly leg mite = surgical spirit
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25
What are the internal parasites?
* Capillaria- intestines = ill thrift + fatal * Heterakis - Caeca = ill thrift, vector (Histomonas) * Ascarids - intestines = ill thrift, impaction * Trichostrongyle - intestines = ill thrift, severe weight loss (Grouse) * Tape worm - intestines = ill thrift + weight loss * Gizzard worm - gizzard = fatal in young stock
26
How can you treat internal parasites?
* Flubendazole = licenced
27
What are digestive tract problems?
* Sour crop / crop mycosis * Impacted / pendulous crop * Impacted gizzard * Bacterial infections - E.coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Clostridium * Viral infections - Rota, Reo, Corona + Astrovirus * Nutritional diarrhoea * Nutritional disorders
28
What is seen with the liver in a campylobacter infection?
* Spotty liver
29
What can cause non-infectious respiratory problems?
* Tumours * Behaviour * Nutrition * Management * Environment * Physical * Chemical
30
What can cause infectious respiratory problems?
*Infectious Bronchitis *Avian metapneumovirus * Infectious laryngotracheitis * Mycoplasmosis * Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale * Aspergillosis *Gape worm *Chlamydiosis – zoonotic *Newcastle disease –notifiable/zoonotic *Avian influenza – notifiable/zoonotic *Pigeon paramyxovirus - notifiable
31
What are signs or respiratory problems?
* Nasal discharge * Noisy breathing * Head shaking * Blocked nares * Coughing, * Sneezing * Gasping
32
What is seen with chlamydiosis?
* Purulent ocular + nasal discharge * Conjunctivitis * Dull + depressed * No response to macrolides
33
What is seen with Aspergillus fumigatus?
* Birds gasping for air - young (dyspnoea) * Production drops
34
What happens in each part of the reproductive tract?
* Infundibulum = 0.5hr - capture ovum * Magnum = 3hr - albumin added * Isthmus = 1.25hr - shell membranes added * Uterus = 20hr - egg shell added
35
What is the incubation of poultry species?
* Chicken = 21 days * Turkeys = 28 days * Ducks = 28 days * Muscovy duck = 35 days * Pheasant = 24-26 days * Pigeon = 16-19 days
36
What is candling?
* 9-10d after incubation * Determine fertility of eggs - use small bright torch at broad end of egg in dark room
37
How can you sex chicks?
* Using feathers
38
What are common breeder/layer problems?
* Oviduct infection - E.coli * Egg peritonitis - common in good layers, ascites, peritonitis + dead * IBV infection = mish-shapen/weak eggs, watery whites, rough shell, cystic oviduct * M synoviae * Egg bound = lack of calcium * Vent gleet * Pyometra
39
What viruses can be vertically transmitted?
* Reovirus - viral arthritis * Retroviruses - lymphoid leucosis * Adenoviruses - marple spleen disease in pheasants - quail bronchitis - turkey haemorrhagic enteritis - egg drop syndrome * Astroviruses
40
What bacterial pathogens can be vertically transmitted?
* Salmonella * E coli * Staphylococci * Mycoplasma
41
What fungal pathogens can be vertically transmitted?
* Aspergillus spp
42
What are common urinary problems?
* Mainly nephritis + nephrosis * Non infectious = -water deprivation -water / feed quality -minerals, toxic substances + excessive salt * Infectious = -IBV - bronchitis -IBDV- bursal disease -Marek's -Bacterial infections * Uroliths
43
What are non infectious problems of the nervous system?
* Poison - botulism, heavy metals, phenol + salt * Nutritional - deficiency - Vit A, Vit E, thiamine
44
What are infectious problems of the nervous system?
* Newcastle disease virus * Avian influenza virus * Aspergillus spp * Marek's disease
45
What diseases can affect the immune system of poultry?
* Infectious bursal disease virus * Chicken anaemia virus * Marek's virus * Reticuloendotheliosis virus * Reovirus * Haemorrhagic enteritis virus * Mycotoxicosis
46
What anaesthesia is used for poultry?
* Ketamine SC / IM * Iso / sevofluorane * Intubation * Raise head to prevent regurgitation of crop contents
47
What analgesia is used for poultry?
* Buprenorphine * Carprofen * Ketoprofen * Meloxicam
48
How would you euthanise a poultry?
* Pentobarbitone - IV wing, jugular - IM breast muscle after masking down - Intracardiac via long needle to thoracic inlet * Neck dislocation <3Kg
49
Where would you take a blood sample in a waterfowl?
* Medial metatarsal vein
50
What are neonatal problems in waterfowl?
* Starving * Yolk-sac infection * Yolk-sac retention / rupture * Chilling * Leg + wing deformities * Infections - E.coli, Aspergillus fumigatus
51
What is angel wing how is it treated?
* Excessive protein intake = urates deposited in soft joints * Tx = Decrease protein
52
How is rickets treated in waterfowl?
* Supplement Vit D
53
What are repro problems of waterfowl?
* Egg peritonitis * Egg binding
54
what are viral infections of waterfowl?
* Duck viral enteritis – Herpesvirus, live and inactivated vaccines * Duck viral hepatitis – Picornavirus, inactivated vaccine for breeders * Goose viral hepatitis (Derzy’s disease) – Parvovirus, inactivated vaccination breeders * Haemorrhagic nephritis, enteritis of geese - Polyomavirus, inactivated vaccine * Avian influenza – Orthomyxovirus, no vaccine in UK
55
What are bacterial / fungal infectious diseases of waterfowl?
* Mycoplasmosis * Salmonellosis * E coli * Pasteurellosis:- - P multocida - P anatipestifer * Chlamydiophilosis * Yersiniosis * Avian TB * Aspergillosis * Candidiasis
56
What is the most common signs of disease in waterfowl?
* Lameness * Lethargy * Weight loss * Sudden death
57
What are non-infectious conditions of water fowl?
* Bumblefoot * Oil contamination * Amyloidosis * Capture mycopathy * Fishing line and look injuries * Grass ball under tongue – dropped tongue * Wet feather – mould spores * Peritonitis * Frostbite
58
What toxicities affect waterfowl?
* Botulism * Heavy metals * Mycotoxins * Algal toxins * Plants
59
What tumours affect waterfowl?
* Osteosarcoma * Hepatic tumours
60
What are reasons for penile prolapses?
* Venereal diseases * Trauma * Significant cold weather * Excessive sexual stimulation
61
Y4 - Large animals
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