What are the two types of bacteria?
Gram-negative and gram-positive
What is the color of gram-positive bacteria?
Blue
What is the color of gram-negative bacteria?
Red
What are the components of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria?
Lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan
Why are gram-negative bacteria more difficult to treat with antibiotics?
Additional outermembrane
What is in between the outer and inner membrane in gram-negative bacteria?
Periplasmic space
List some features of Anabaena
- Filamentous cyanobacteria
- Contains heterocysts
- No photosystem II, performs anoxygenic photosynthesis
- Exchanges N with other cells for carbs
Where is the heterocyst found and how does it work?
In Anabaena. Uses nitrogenase to fix nitrogen to ammonium in molybdenum and iron complexes
What inhibits nitrogenase?
Oxygen
List some features of Agrobacterium
- Gram-negative
- Rod-shaped
- Causes tumors in plants
- Its Ti-plasmid is used as a vector in gene transfer
List some features of Rhizobium
- Gram-negative
- Motile + rod-shaped
- Fixes atmospheric nitrogen
What does Rhizobium have that removes oxygen?
Leghemoglobin
Features of Thermus aquaticus
- Thermopihilic
- Source of Taq DNA Pol for PCR
Features of E. Coli
- Gram-negative
- Produces vitamin K
Features of Chlamydia
- Gram-negative
- Lacks peptidoglycan
Features of Cyanobacteria
- Gram-negative
- Photoautotroph
- Some carry out nitrogen fixation
- Plant-like prokaryote
- Chloroplast evolved from this
Features of Streptomyces
- Resembles fungi
- Source of many antibiotics
- Soil-dwelling
Features of mycoplasm
- Lacks cell walls
- Smallest known cells
- Doesn’t gram-stain
