Bacterial sampling techniques for dogs
Oropharyngeal
Tracheal wash
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Bacterial sampling techniques for horses
Nasopharyngeal swab
Endoscopic collection
Tracheal wash
Bacterial sampling techniques for poultry
Tracheal swab
Oropharyngeal swab
Cloacal swab
Advantages of swabs
Can give a lot of information
Quick
Easy to obtain
Impact on animal is minimal
No specialist equipment required
Cheap