CAPP Bio > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

(25 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cell wall of bacteria made of?

A
  • Peptidoglycan (a sugar/amino acid complex)
  • Site of antibiotic action

This complex is unique to bacteria.

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2
Q

What determines if bacteria are gram positive or gram negative?

A

The thickness of the cell wall

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3
Q

Gram positive

A

Bacteria have a very thick cell wall (lots of peptidoglycan)

Purple

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4
Q

Gram negative

A

Bacteria have a very thin cell wall (little peptidoglycan)

Pink

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5
Q

What is an endospore?

A

A coating that surrounds DNA produced by some Gram + bacteria

It protects DNA even if the outer cell is destroyed.

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6
Q

Name two examples of bacteria that can produce endospores.

A
  • Anthrax
  • Tetanus
  • Botulism

These bacteria can survive extreme conditions due to their endospores.

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7
Q

What is the function of a capsule in bacteria?

A

Outer covering on cell wall that protects against chemicals and white blood cells

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8
Q

What is the genetic material of bacteria called?

A

DNA/Plasmids

Plasmids may contain genes for antibiotic resistance and can be exchanged between bacteria.

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9
Q

Appendages

A
  • Pilus may be used to attach on to other cells
  • Flagella are used for movement
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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where transcription and translation of DNA for protein production occurs

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11
Q

What are the two types of bacterial nutrition?

A
  • Autotrophic Bacteria
  • Heterotrophic Bacteria
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12
Q

Autotrophic Bacteria

A
  • Make their own energy from the sun
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13
Q

Heterotrophic Bacteria

A
  • Obtains energy from dead organic material or from living on or in other organisms (parasite)
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14
Q

What type of bacteria requires oxygen to live?

A

Obligate Aerobe

Examples include bacteria found in the lungs, such as tuberculosis and leprosy.

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15
Q

What type of bacteria dies in the presence of oxygen?

A

Obligate Anaerobe

Examples include tetanus, botulism, and gangrene.

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16
Q

What type of bacteria can live with or without oxygen?

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A

Facultative Anaerobe

Most gut bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella, fall into this category.

17
Q

Cocci

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A
  • Can be found growing in single cells, pairs, chains, or clusters
18
Q

Strepto…

19
Q

Staphylo…

20
Q

How do bacilli cells divide?

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A

Across their short axis

They can grow in singles, pairs, or chains, but not clusters.

21
Q

What are common examples of bacilli?

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A
  • Clostridium
  • Anthrax

These bacteria are known for their bacilli shape.

22
Q

What is a characteristic of spirilla?

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A

Have one or more twists

Common examples include Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease).

25
Spirilla
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