1
Q
what are the two aims of baddley’s study?
A
- to investigate whether LTM encodes acoustically or semantically
- to investigate whether STM encodes acoustically or semantically
2
Q
what was baddley’s sample?
A
- 72 males and females from the applied psychology research unit in cambridge.
3
Q
what was baddleys’s research method?
A
- a lab experiment
4
Q
what were baddley’s four conditions?
A
condition a - acoustically similar words
condition b - acoustically dissimilar words
condition c - semantically similar words
condition d - semantically dissimilar words
5
Q
what was baddley’s procedure?
A
- each condition was shown a list of 10 words displayed on a projector (1 every 3 seconds)
- participants then had one minute to recall words in order
- there were 4 trials
- there was then an interference task, for 15 minutes involving copying 8 digit sequences
- surprise retest
6
Q
why did baddley’s procedure involve 4 trials?
A
- to ensure the words had been transferred to long term memory
7
Q
what were baddley’s results?
A
- trial 2: 40% of participants recalled acoustically similar words correctly, compared to 60% dissimilar
- trial 4: 50% of participants recalled semantically similar words correctly compared to 85% dissimilar
8
Q
what were baddley’s conclusions?
A
- it is harder to recall acoustically similar words
- STM is acoustic as words were harder to encode into LTM
- LTM encoding is semantic as it was harder to recall semantically similar words
9
Q
how generalisable is baddley’s study?
A
- a large sample size of 72 was used involving both male and female participants making it representative of how memory functions in a wider population
- however the sample only consisted of british volunteers making it ethnocentric as it doesn’t consider the memory of other cultures
10
Q
how reliable is baddley’s study?
A
- a standardized procedure was used, for example all participants saw 10 words at 3 second intervals and all completed the 8 digit interference task, therefore making it easy to be repeated, increasing reliability
- in addition to this, quantitive data was collected, making it easy to analyse as its objective and scientific
11
Q
how applicable is baddley’s study?
A
- the findings can be used to help students with efficient revision techniques as the study suggests that LTM encodes semantically, therefore revision involving semantic links will be more likely to encode into LTM than just reading notes
12
Q
how valid is baddley’s study?
A
- there is a low task validity as the procedure involved recalling lists of 10 words which either are acoustically similar/dissimilar or semantically similar/dissimilar within one minute, which isn’t a good reflection of how our everyday memory works outside of basic recall tests, lacking mundane realism
