Basic Concepts

Question 1

What is Thermal Energy ?

Answer 1

• The energy in an object
• When moves to another object its felt as heat
• Heat will always try and flow from hot areas to cold areas
• Higher temp = faster moving molecules

Question 2

Conduction

Answer 2

• Heat transfer through contact

Question 3

Convection

Answer 3

• heat transfer through the physical movement of a fluid
• warm, less dense air rises
• cooler, more dense air sinks
• creates circulation currents - distributing heat

Question 4

Radiation

Answer 4

• Heat transfer from hot object to cold object without being in contact
• Heat from sun is radiated 93 million miles through space warms Earth

Question 5

Advection

Answer 5

Horizontal flow of air ( wind )

Question 6

Latent Heat

Answer 6

• The energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state
• Doesn’t change Temp
• Energy being added is stored in molecules as latent heat
• Adding latent heat to Ice causes a phase change, causes molecules to move more

Question 7

Changing from ice -> water - > vapour
=Release or absorbed Latent heat ?

Answer 7

Absorbing Latent Heat

Question 8

Changing from Vapour -> water - > ice
= Release or absorbed Latent heat ?

Answer 8

Releasing Latent heat

Question 9

Specific Heat

Answer 9

+ Measure of how much energy needs to be added or removed to change temp

+ How quickly something looses / gains heat

+ e.g. sand = low specific heat
-> heats up very quick
-> cools quick
-> desserts rlly hot in day -> rlly cold at night

+ water = High Specific Heat
-> heats up very slowly
-> cools slowly

Question 10

Height

Answer 10

Vertical distance above specified datum
(typically AGL)

Question 11

Altitude

Answer 11

Vertical distance AMSL

Question 12

Elevation

Answer 12

Vertical distance AMSL of some point on the ground

Question 13

QNH

Answer 13

• Surface pressure continually changes
• Set QNH on datum sub-scale
• Elevation AMSL

Question 14

QFE

Answer 14

sub scale set to aerodrome elevation

Question 15

Pressure Hight formula

Answer 15

ELV + (1013 - QNH) x 30 = PH

Question 16

ISA Temp Formula

Answer 16

15 - ( 2 x thousands of ft ) = ISA Temp

Question 17

ISA deviation Formula

Answer 17

Outside Temp - ISA Temp = ISA dev

Question 18

Density hight Formula

Answer 18

ISA dev x 120 + PH = DH

Question 19

Pressure lapse rate
standard atmosphere

Answer 19

1013 hPa
-1 hPa / 30 ft

Question 20

Temp lapse rate
standard atmosphere

Answer 20

15’C
-2’C / 1000 ft