Neuro Refresher > Basic Concepts (Anaphy ) > Flashcards

Basic Concepts (Anaphy ) Flashcards

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1
Q

Structural / functional unit of nervous system

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Chemical messengers

A

Neurotransmitters

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3
Q

Where does the Brain located, CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

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4
Q

What are located in the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

How many hemispheres does the Brain have?

A

2 (right and left)

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6
Q

Where exactly are the hemispheres located?

A

Cerebrum

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7
Q

Function of cerebrum

A

Motor, sensory, thoughts / learning

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8
Q

Left hemisphere function

A

2L’s
Logic and language

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9
Q

Right hemisphere function

A

3 T’S
emoTion
arTistic
spaTial

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10
Q

Motor sensory control of the hemispheres

A

Contralateral

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11
Q

Outer most layer of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Where does the four lobes located? And what are the four lobes?

A

Location: cerebral cortex
four lobes:
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe

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13
Q

Mental status exam in psychiatry (example: your wallet fell, what would you do? → Pupulutin mo diba? ) mental status exam is related to what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal lobe ( morals, emotions, reasoning and judgement, concentration, abstraction, memory retention )

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14
Q

Speech center in frontal lobe?

A

Broca’s area

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15
Q

Damaged frontal lobe ( Broca’s area → the speech center ) what will happen?

A

Expressive aphasia (cannot speak)

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16
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

2P’s - pain and pressure
3T’s - touch, taste, temperature

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17
Q

Occipital is known as the?

A

Visual center

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18
Q

What happens is occipital lobe is damaged?

A

Cannot read → Alexia ( disorder )

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19
Q

What area is the temporal lobe is known as the auditory center?

A

Wernicke’s area

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20
Q

if temporal lobe ( wernicke’s area → auditory center ) is damaged, what happens?

A

Cannot understand: receptive aphasia (disorder)

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21
Q

Where in the brain controls the emotional responses?

A

Limbic system

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22
Q

Converts short term to long term memory like in dementia

A

Hippocampus

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23
Q

Responsible for emotion and sex?

A

Amygdala

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24
Q

Coordinates with balance and posture

A

Cerebellum

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25
Primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control?
Diencephalon
26
Secrete melatonin
Epithalamus
27
3 parts of diencephalon
Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
28
Relays sensory information to cortex
Thalamus
29
Links between nervous and endocrine system by regulation of pituitary gland; regulates ANS → responses of SNS, PNS; thermoregulatory center
Hypothalamus
30
Brainstem is basically our way to?
Survive
31
Motor coordination of the brainstem?
Midbrain
32
What reflex is used in this situation: you see a bee, you duck
Visual reflex
33
What reflex is used in this situation: you hear a honk, you turn
Auditory reflex
34
Rhythm of breathing controlled by what part in the brainstem?
Pons
35
Where in pons prolongs inhalation?
Apneustic center
36
What area in the pons contributes to exhalation?
Pneumotaxic center
37
Vital and reflex center of brainstem
Medulla oblangata
38
Decussation of nerve fibers
Lower medulla
39
What system controls sleep wake cycles?
Reticular activating system
40
Reticular activating system controls
Sleep wake cycles
41
Medulla oblongata functions
Reflex center (for coughing, swallowing and vomiting ) Cardiovascular - respiratory regulation (rr, bp, HR ) Decussation/ crossing of nerve fibers
42
Autonomic nervous system’s covered systems?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
43
Parasympathetic NS function
Rest and digest
44
Sympathetic NS function
Fight or flight
45
Medication to activate parasympathetic NS:
Cholinergics
46
Medication to deactivate parasympathetic NS:
Anti-cholinergics
47
Medication to activate sympathetic NS:
Adrenergics
48
Medication to deactivate sympathetic NS:
Sympatholytics
49
Neurotransmitter for parasympathetic ns:
Acetylcholine
50
Neurotransmitter for SNS:
Norepinephrine, epinephrine
51
Effects of parasympathetic nervous system
Para - ihi Para - tae Para - dura ALL is SLOW except GI/GU
52
Effects of sympathetic nervous system
Di maka - ihi Di make - tae Di maka - dura ALL is HIGH except GI/GU
53
Parasympathetic nervous system GI - Sweat glands - GU - Eyes - HR- Respiratory tract - GI - Lacrimal gland - LOC - Salivary glands -
Parasympathetic nervous system GI - Diarrhea Sweat glands - Diaphoresis GU - Urination Eyes - Miosis (constriction) HR- Bradycardia Respiratory tract - Bronchoconstrition GI - emesis Lacrimal gland - increase lacrimation LOC - lethargic Salivary glands - increase salivation
54
Sympathetic nervous system GI - Sweat glands - GU - Eyes - HR- Respiratory tract - GI - Lacrimal gland - LOC - Salivary glands -
Sympathetic nervous system GI - Constipation Sweat glands - Diaphoresis GU - Retention Eyes - Mydriasis (dilation) HR- Tachycardia Respiratory tract - Beonchodilation GI - no effect Lacrimal gland - decrease lacrimation/ no tearing LOC - Alert Salivary glands - no saliva
55
Cranial nerve I is: Sensory or motor? Function:
Olfactory Sensory Smell
56
Cranial nerve 2: Sensory or motor? Function:
Optic Sensory Vision
57
Cranial nerve 3: Sensory or motor? Function:
Oculomotor Motor Eye movements, elevation of eyelids, miosis
58
Cranial nerve 4: Sensory or motor? Function:
Trochlear Motor Inward- downward eye movement
59
cranial nerve V: Sensory or motor? Function:
Trigeminal Both Mastication, facial sensation
60
Cranial nerve VI: Sensory or motor? Function:
Abducens Motor Outward eye movement
61
Cranial nerve VII: Sensory or motor? Function:
Facial Both Facial expression (Zour, Zweet, Zalty)
62
Cranial nerve VIII: Sensory or motor? Function:
Vestibulocochlear Sensory Balance, hearing
63
Cranial nerve IX: Sensory or motor? Function:
Glossopharyngeal Both Gag reflex, bitter taste
64
Cranial nerve X: Sensory or motor? Function:
Vagus Both Decrease HR, increase GI motility
65
Cranial nerve XI: Sensory or motor? Function:
Accessory Motor Shoulder, neck movement
66
Cranial nerve XII: Sensory or motor? Function:
Hypoglossal Motor Tongue
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