Basic Concepts (Completed)

Question 2

What is an organic molecule

Answer 2

Anything containing carbon

Question 3

Define a hydrocarbon

Answer 3

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Give the names of 2 types of saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons

Question 5

Give the names of 3 types of unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbons

Aromantic hydrocarbons

Question 6

What’s a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon? Describe it and give the general formula

Answer 6

These compounds are saturated because they contain only single c-c bonds.
They are described as aliphatic because they contain straight or branched chains.
They are called alkanes and have the general formula CnH2n+2

Question 7

What’s a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon? Describe it and give the general formula

Answer 7

Saturated because they contain only single c-c bonds
Alicyclic because they contain atoms bonded together to form rings.
These compounds are called cycloalkanes and have the general formula CnH2n

Question 8

What is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon? Describe the 2 types and their general formula

Answer 8

Unsaturated because they contain multiple bonds between carbon atoms.
If the bonds are double, the compounds are alkenes
If the bonds are triple, the compounds are alkynes.
Alkenes have the general formula of CnH2n
Alkynes have the general formula of CnH2n-2

Question 9

What is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon called if the bonds are double

Answer 9

Alkenes

Question 10

What is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon called if the bonds are triple

Answer 10

Alkynes

Question 11

What are unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbons called and what is the general formula

Answer 11

Cycloalkenes
General formula is CnH2n-2

Question 12

What are aromantic hydrocarbons?

Answer 12

Compounds that contain a benzene ring

Question 13

Draw a benzene ring (give both the old and new drawings) and the general formula

Answer 13

General formula is C6H6

Question 14

Define a functional group

Answer 14

The part of a molecule responsible for it’s chemical reactions. Molecules with the same functional group react in the same way

Question 16

Give the formula for the functional group of alkanes and explain what they are named

Answer 16

Formula is C-C
Name ends in -ane

Question 17

Give the formula for the functional group of alkenes and explain what they are named

Answer 17

Functional group is C=C

Name ends in -ene

Question 18

Give the formula for the functional group of halogenoalkanes and explain what they are named

Answer 18

Functional groups examples are -F, -Cl, -Br, -I

Name: -F starts in fluoro-
-Cl starts in Chloro-
Etc

Question 19

Give the formula for the functional group of alcohols and explain what they are named

Answer 19

Functional group is -OH
Names end with -ol

Question 20

Give the formula for the functional group of aldehydes and explain what they are named

Answer 20

Names end with -al

Question 21

Give the formula for the functional group of ketones and explain what they are named

Answer 21

Names end with -one

Question 22

Give the formula for the functional group of carboxylic acids and explain what they are named

Answer 22

Names end with -oic acid

Question 23

Define homologous series

Answer 23

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by -CH2

Question 24

Explain how chemical properties of a homologous series differ

Answer 24

All members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties because they all contain the same functional group

Question 25

What part of an organic molecule name is the stem, prefix and suffix when naming hydrocarbons

Answer 25

Prefix=side chains and positions of alkyl groups, e.g. 2-methyl Stem= The number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain present in the compound Suffix= based on the functional group

Question 26

What happens when you remove one hydrogen atom from an alkane

Answer 26

You get an alkyl group

Question 27

Define empirical formula

Answer 27

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 28

Define molecular formula

Answer 28

The actual number of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 29

Define the general formula

Answer 29

The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

Question 30

Give the general formula for alcohols

Answer 30

Question 31

Define displayed formula

Answer 31

Formula that shows all the bonds and how all the atoms are joined together in the structure

Question 32

Describe what the structural formula is

Answer 32

The formula that shows the minimum detail required for the arrangement of atoms in a structure. It is a shorthand way of writing the full displayed formula

Question 33

What type of formula is this

Answer 33

Structural formula

Question 34

What is the skeletal formula

Answer 34

A simplified organic formula with the hydrogen atoms removed from the carbon chains

Question 35

Define structural isomers

Answer 35

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 36

Give and explain the 3 types of structural isomers

Answer 36

1) chain -The hydrocarbon chains have different branching 2) positional - A functional group can be in different positions along the main chain 4) Functional -The functional group can be different

Question 37

Draw and name 4 isomers of C4H8

Answer 37

Question 38

Draw a skeletal formula for 2,2 dimethyl butane

Answer 38

Question 39

Deduce the general formula for an alkyne

Answer 39

CnH2n-2