Continents by area
Asia
Africa
NA
SA
Antarctica
Europe
Australia
Continents by Population
Asia
Africa
Europe
NA
SA
Australia
Antarctica
Oceans by size
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern/Antarctic
Arctic
Equator passing through
SA: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil
Africa: Congo, DRC, Gabon, Sao Tome & Principle, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia
Asia: Maldives, Indonesia
Oceania: Kiribati
Tropic of Cancer passes through
NA: Bahamas, Mexico
Africa: Western Sahara, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger
Asia: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Taiwan
India: GJ, RJ, MP, CG, JH, WB, TR, MI
Cities: Vidisha, Sanchi, Ranchi, Lohardagga (JH), Aizwal (MI), Udaipur (TR)
Tropic of Capricorn passes through
SA: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Brazil
Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Madagascar
Australia: Australia Continent
Prime Meridian passes through
UK, France, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo
Shape of earth
Geoid, oblate spheroid
Geodesy: Study of shape of earth
Diameter of earth
N-S: 12714 km
E-W: 12756 km
Difference of 0.3%
Reason: Centrifugal force due to rotation of earth
Latitudinal lines
Total 179
Distance corresponding to 1 degree = 111 km
IST
82.5 deg east
Passes through UP, MP, CG, OD, AnP
Pyagraj, Mirzapur, Naini, Singrauli, Visakhapatnam
International Date Line
180 deg longitude
Crossing the IDL:
From west to east: day gain / decrease one day
From east to west: day loss / increase a day
Solstices and equinox
21 June: Summer solstice
23 Sep: Autumn equinox
22 Dec: Winter solstice
21 March: Spring equinox
No shadow cities
Places b/w Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn
At least one day when Sun is directly overhead
Whole India south of Tropic of Cancer
Remember: Gandhinagar, Bhopal, Raipur, Ranchi, Sanchi, Kolkata
Perihelion and Aphelion
Perihelion = Earth closest to Sun: Jan 3
Aphelion = Earth farthest to Sun: July 4
Extent of India
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Boundaries of India
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