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Basic Fuel Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Adjustment Needle

A

A tapered shaft that can have threads that you turn in or out to adjust the fuel or air metering in a carburetor

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2
Q

AKI

A

Anti Knock Index. The value of the ability of a fuel to resist engine ping/knock. Another name for posted pump octane

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3
Q

Altitude

A

How high above/below sea level

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4
Q

Anti-siphon valve

A

Check valve at/in the gas tank that needs fuel pump vacuum to open it, allowing fuel flow out of tank to engine

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5
Q

API

A

American Petroleum Institute. Governing body that regulates petroleum products used in automobiles etc.

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6
Q

BIA

A

Boating Industry Association, a organization that regulated some of the marine industry like oil quality. Replaced by NMMA

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7
Q

Bleed system

A

Tunnels, hoses and check valves that take fuel and oil that puddles up in a 2 stroke engine and moves it to bearings to lube them or into an area of the crankcase where it will be drawn into the combustion chamber to be burned

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8
Q

CARB

A

California Air Resources Board. the agency responsible for setting emission limits for the state of California

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9
Q

Carburetor

A

A device used to properly mix air and fuel to be used in a internal combustion engine

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10
Q

Check valve

A

A part that will allow air/fuel/oil etc. to flow in one direction only

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11
Q

Choke

A

A plate that can be moved (mechanically or electrically) to cover up the carburetors air intake passage to richen the fuel mixture when starting a cold engine

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12
Q

Compression

A

The stroke in a internal combustion engine: when the gas air mix is being compressed on top of the piston

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13
Q

Compression test

A

Using a compression tester to check for proper sealing of the combustion area of a cylinder while cranking the engine.

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14
Q

Crank Case Leak

A

The crank case on 2 cycle engine is normally sealed so it can transfer the fuel air mixture into combustion chamber. If it has a leak that mixture will diverted out of the engine instead or to a different cylinder’s crankcase.

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15
Q

Crank Case Pressure

A

The crank case on 2 cycle engine is building pressure when the piston is coming down so it can transfer the fuel air mixture into combustion chamber

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16
Q

Crank Case Vacuum

A

The crank case on 2 cycle engine is creating a vacuum when the piston is moving up, this will pull the air fuel mixture through the reed valves and into the crank case

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17
Q

Cylinder Leakage

A

A way to test the engine like a compression test but during this test you put air pressure (100 psi) on top of piston and see how much leaks past the rings and gaskets

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18
Q

Detergents

A

Additives used to prevent and/or clean up the whole fuel system and combustion chamber (carburetors and fuel injectors are included)

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19
Q

Diaphram

A

A flat piece of rubber that flexe3s back and forth and when working with check valves will move fuel in one direction. It can be moved mechanically or by air pressure changes

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20
Q

Dead Head Test

A

A fuel pump vacuum test to see the maximum vacuum the pump can pull. AKA suction test

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21
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency. Makes many of the laws on internal combustion engines, they try to keep the air we breathe as clean as they can

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22
Q

Ethenol

A

A alcohol added to fuel normally made from corn

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23
Q

Exhaust

A

The stroke on an internal combustion engine where the exhaust is discharged from the combustion chamber

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24
Q

FC-W

A

Oil rating for Four Cycle Water cooled marine engines

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25
Float
A device that floats on top of gas to close a valve or register a fuel level
26
Float drop
A float setting to allow the float to drop to allow fuel into the float bowl but no allow the needle to come so far out of the seat to have it not go straight back into the seat. It also doesn't allow the float to sit on the bottom of the float chamber
27
Float level
The predetermined height of the fuel in the float bowl. AKA float height
28
Flow test
A fuel pump test where we can see how much fuel a pump can deliver at a certain RPM for X number of seconds. AKA volume test
29
Fog
Putting extra oil in a engine to prevent it from rusting during storage. AKA pickling
30
Fuel Fitting
Parts that connect to fuel hoses
31
Fuel Line
Hose that will carry fuel without degradation
32
Fuel Line Tie Wrap
A zip tie designed for hoses, that encircles the hose better than a standard zip tie to prevent leaks.
33
Fuel pump
A devise for pulling fuel from a tank and delivering it to a carburetor of EFI system. It can be mechanically, electrically or pressure/vacuum operated
34
Gravity Feed
A fuel supply system that does not use a fuel pump, it relies on the fuel tank being higher than the carburetor and letting the weight of the fuel move it
35
Gummed up
When a fuel has degradation and all that is left is its solids
36
Idle
Refers to the engine operating at its slowest practical speed
37
Idle circuit
A carburetor circuit that supplies just enough air-fuel mixture to keep a engine running at idle
38
In.hg
Inches of mercury: a unit of measure to test a vacuum
39
Intake
The air fuel system that moves the air and fuel into the engine The stroke on an internal combustion engine where the fuel is delivered into the combustion chamber
40
Intake valve
A valve opened by the camshaft on a 4 stroke engine that lets the air fuel mixture into the combustion chamber
41
Jet
A sized orifice that has O.D. threads that screw into a carburetor. Internal size controls how much air or fuel passes through it
42
Lead
A substance that helped increase the octane of fuel for years, it has now been taken out of most all fuels due to health concerns
43
Lean
An air fuel mixture that contains too little fuel
44
Low permeation
New style fuel hose that is much less permeable (less chance for leakage to occur)
45
Methanol
A alcohol added to fuel normally made from coal
46
MON
Motor Octane Number (454-warm-WOT)
47
MTBE
Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether: A ether used to increase the octane value of gas (also a health concern)
48
Needle & Seat
A needle controlled by a float that seats in a seat to shut off fuel flow into a carburetor
49
NMMA
National Marine Manufacturers Association: A governing body for boating standards and safety
50
Octane
General term for a gasoline's ability to resist knock
51
Oetiker Clamp
A very good clamp for fuel hoses, once installed it has to be destroyed to remove
52
Oil injection
A way of delivering oil into a two stroke engine for lubrication. The oil can be injected into the fuel line, fuel pump, intake system or directly into the engine
53
Oxygenated
Oxygenated is fuel that has had alcohol etc. added to it to increase the octane of the fuel and make it burn cleaner
54
Phase Separation
The process of ethanol in a fuel blend absorbing water and falling to the bottom of the fuel tank
55
Pickle
To put extra oil in an engine to keep it from rusting during storage
56
PON
Posted Pump Octane Number. The ability of the fuel to resist engine ping/knock. Another name for AKI
57
Pop-Off pressure
The amount of fuel pressure that moves the inlet needle of its seat
58
Power
The stroke on an internal combustion engine where the fuel is ignited and it drives the piston downward
59
PPO
Posted Pump Octane. The ability of the fuel to resist ping/knock. Another name for AKI
60
Pre-loaded Reed
A reed valve that is up/open in the middle but touching at the tip
61
Premium
A higher grade of fuel, generally it has a better additive package in it
62
Pre-Mix
Mixing of the fuel and oil manually, to be used in a two stroke engine
63
Pressure
A force applied to air or fuel to increase it.
64
Pressure test
A way to measure the pressure applied to a fuel etc.
65
Primary compression
On a two stroke engine this would be the pressure inside the crankcase when the piston is moving down to push the fuel through the transfer ports op to the combustion chamber
66
Primer
A way for the customer to put extra gas in a engine for cold starting. Can be electrically or manually operated
67
Prime Start
A solenoid style enrichment system that allows the engine to run richer when cold. There is no customer interaction, it is done by the engine
68
Primer bulb
A squeeze bulb for getting fuel to the engine. It can have 1 or 2 check valves to keep the fuel heading in the correct direction
69
PSI
Pounds Per Square Inch. The normal method in the USA to measure a pressure it could also be used to measure a vacuum (-psi) but in.hg is the much preferred measurement for vacuum
70
Ratchet clamp
A reusable fuel line clamp. It has little teeth that clamp together to tightn
71
Reed
A flat plate that acts as a valve to allow the fuel/air mix into the crankcase. Normally made of metal but some are plastic or fiberglass
72
Reed Stop
A stopper that prevents the reed from opening too far and breaking off
73
Regular
In fuel it refers to a mid-grade of gas generally 89 octane. The government has not put as many rules and regulations on this regular fuel so it is generally not recommended by the engine manufactures
74
Restriction test
A fuel system test using the fuel pump to check for restriction to gas flow
75
Rich
An air fuel mixture that contains excessive fuel
76
RON
Research Octane Number (small engine Idle control)
77
RVP
Read Vapor Pressure. A method of determining a vapor pressure of a gasoline. it is a indicator of fuels volatility
78
Secondary Compression
In a two stroke engine it is the compression on top of the piston
79
Stabilize
Adding chemicals to the fuel to preserves it longer
80
Stabilizer
The chemical used to help preserve fuel
81
Stale
When a fuel has aged and lost much of its properties
82
Suction test
A fuel pump vacuum test to see the maximum vacuum it can pull. Also sometimes referred to as a dead head test
83
Summer Blend
A blend of fuel designed to prevent vapor lock in the hotter temperatures
84
TC-W3
Latest two stroke oil rating. Two Cycle Water cooled
85
Transfer Port
A passageway that leads from the crankcase area to the combustion area. it transfers the fuel/air/oil mix on a two stroke engine
86
Ultra-sonic
A machine that cleans items with a fluid, heat and vibration. Used to clean 4 stroke carburetors and fuel injectors
87
Unleaded
A fuel that has very-very little lead in it. less than 1/10 of 1 milligram per gallon
88
Vacuum
A measurement lower than atmospheric pressure (suction)
89
Vacuum gauge
A gauge that reads a vacuum which normally reads in negative PSI or inches of mercury in.hg
90
Vaporize
To turn from a liquid to a vapor (liquid gasoline turning in to a gas/air mix)
91
Vapor Lock
When a fuel turns from a liquid to a vapor inside the fuel system
92
Varnished
When a gas ages. Parts of it evaporate away and some of the solids are left behind and make a sticky mess at the bottom of where the fuel was at
93
Vent
A opening to a chamber (like a float bowl or a gas tank)
94
Venturi
A narrowing down in the carburetor that makes the air speed up to draw fuel from the float bowl
95
Volatility
Term used to describe a fuels tendency to change from a liquid to a vapor
96
Water separating fuel filter
A filter that removes the water from a fuel. Water molecules are bigger than the gas molecules so they get trapped in the filter (generally a 10 micron filter)
97
Winter blend
A gas blend designed to vaporize very easily, to get a cold engine started in cold temperatures
98
Worm gear clamp
A reusable clamp design: with a captive screw that works onto slots in the band to tighten it. Often referred to as a hose clamp
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