Basic Genetics Study Guide

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

• Condense chromatin to form structures

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

• Sections of DNA within a chromosome

Question 3

Chromatid

Answer 3

• Each half of the chromosome

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

• Where the 2 halves of a chromosomes are joined

Question 5

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 5

• Determine whether an organism will be male or female

Question 6

Autosomes

Answer 6

• Chromosomes that don’t determine an organism’s sex

Question 7

Karyotype

Answer 7

• A picture of the ordered chromosomes

Question 8

Homologus

Answer 8

• Pairs of chromosomes

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

• Having 2 homologus pairs

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

• One set of chromosomes

Question 11

Cell Cycle

Answer 11

• The process of cell growth that leads to cell division for many cells

Question 12

3 Stages of the Cell Cycle

Answer 12

• Interphase
• Mitosis/Meiosis
• Cytokinesis

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

• The beginning of the Cell Cycle

Question 14

Mitosis/Meiosis

Answer 14

• 2 daughter cells

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

• Cell splits into 2

Question 16

Mitosis

Answer 16

P- prophase
M- metaphase
A- anaphase
T- telophase

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

• Miotic spindle; chromosomes visible

Question 18

Metaphase

Answer 18

• Lines up in the “middle” of cell

Question 19

Anaphase

Answer 19

• Pulls chromosomes “away”

Question 20

Telophase

Answer 20

• Two separate nuclei form

hasn’t split officially yet

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

• Forms tetrads

crossing over

Question 22

Tetrads

Answer 22

• 2 groups of chromosomes

Question 23

Prophase II

Answer 23

• Chromosomes DO NOT duplicate

Question 24

Metaphase II

Answer 24

• Chromosomes line up in the “middle”

Question 25

Anaphase II

Answer 25

- Pulled "away"

Question 26

Telophase II

Answer 26

- Creates 4 cells

Question 27

Cytokinesis

Answer 27

- Cell splits

Question 28

Heredity

Answer 28

- The passing of traits from one generation to another

Question 29

Gregor Mendell

Answer 29

- Father of modern genetics

Question 30

Dominant Trait

Answer 30

- The gene will show

Question 31

Recessive Trait

Answer 31

- The gene won't show

Question 32

Homozygous

Answer 32

- Purebred

Question 33

Heterozygous

Answer 33

- Hybrid

Question 34

Alleles

Answer 34

- Different forms a gene can have

Question 35

Genotype

Answer 35

- Genetic makeup

Question 36

Phenotype

Answer 36

- Physical expression of a trait

Question 37

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 37

- Tests only one set of alleles

Question 38

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 38

- Two sets of alleles

Question 39

Pedigree

Answer 39

- A family history that charts a hereditary trait through past generations

Question 40

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 40

- Blending of alleles

Question 41

Codominance

Answer 41

- Both alleles that are inherited are expressed

Question 42

Multiple Alleles

Answer 42

- Human blood types

Question 43

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 43

- Two or more genes working together to express a trait

Question 44

Sex-linked Traits

Answer 44

- Controlled by the sex chromosome

Question 45

Carrier

Answer 45

- An individual who carries an allele but does not express it