Basic Grammar Flashcards by Mary Fisk Ridder

是——的 pattern

S+ shì gēn shuí _____ de
S+ 是跟谁_____的

S+ shì zài nǎli _____ de
S+ 是在哪里_____的

S+ shì shénme shíhòu _____ de
S+ 是什么时候_____的S+
shì jǐ diǎn _____ de
S+ 是几点_____的
S+ shì nà tiān _____ de
S+ 是那天_____的
S+ shì xīngqī jǐ _____ de
S+ 是星期几_____的
S+ shì jǐ yuè jì hao ____ de
S+ 是几月记号____的

S+ shì zěnme _____ de
S+ 是怎么_____的

S+ 是 + time+location+how+V+O+ 的

With whom did S+V ?

Where did S+V ?

When did S+V ?
What time is S+ V ?
Which day was S+V ？
What day of the week did S+V ？
What day of what month did S+V ？

How did S+V ?

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S+V+O+tIme duration

Nǐmen zǒulù yào duō cháng shíjiān?
你们走路要多长时间？
Wǒmen zǒulù yào40fēnzhōng
我们走路要40分钟
Zài nàge fànguǎn chīle duō cháng shíjiān/duōjiǔ/jǐ gè xiǎoshí?
在那个饭馆吃了多长时间/多久/几个小时？
Nǐ zài Kāngzhōu dāi le duōjiǔ? Chàbuduō dāi le sān tiān
你在康州呆了多久？差不多呆了三天
Nǐ zài Běijīng zhù guò, nǐ zhùle duōjiǔ? Wǒ zhùle yī gè xīngqī
你在北京住过，你住了多久？我住了一个星期
Nǐ qùguò Nánfēi, nǐ zài Nánfēi dāi le duōjiǔ? Wǒ zài Nánfēi dāi le sān nián
你去过南非，你在南非呆了多久？我在南非呆了三年

Time Duration

How long will it take you to walk there?
It will take us 40 minutes to walk there.
How long/duration/hours did you eat at that restaurant?
How long did you stay in Connecticut? Almost stayed for three days.
How long did you stay when you lived in Beijing?
I stayed for one week. Have you been to South Africa, and how long did you stay there?
I stayed in South Africa for three years.

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S+V+过+O

S以前V 过O吗？
- V 过
没V 过
nǐ yǐqián qùguò zhōngguó ma?
你以前去过中国吗？
nǐ yǐqián xué guò zhōngwén ma?
你以前学过中文吗？
nǐ yǐqián kànguò zhège diànyǐng ma?
你以前看过这个电影吗？

Past Experience

Have you…
Have you been to
China before?
Have you learned Chinese before？
Have you seen this
movie before?

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S+ V/Adj. + 得+ adj./verb phrase
S+ V.O.+ V. 得+ adj.

wǒ shuìjiào shuì dé hěn hǎo。
我睡觉睡得很好。
nǐ chànggē chàng dé hěnhǎo
你唱歌唱得很好。
tā kāichē kāidé hěnkuài。
他开车开得很快。
wǒmen xiě hànzì xiědé hěn màn。
我们写汉字写得很慢。

Descriptive complement

I sleep very well.
You sing very well.
He drives very fast.
We write Chinese characters very slowly.

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了usage

S+time+V+O+了吗？
- V 了.
- 没 V.
zhège zhōumò nǐ qù niǔyuē le ma？
这个周末你去纽约了吗？
nǐ jiàndào lǎoshī le ma？
你见到老师了吗？
nǐ shànggèxīngqī kǎoshì le ma？
你上个星期考试了吗？

了usage Did …

Did you go to New
York this weekend?
Did you see the
teacher?
Did you take a test
last week?

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了usage

S time V什么了？
or
S time V了什么?
nǐ shàngge zhōumò zuòle shénme ？
你上个周末做了什么？
nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang chī shénme le？
你昨天晚上吃什么了？
nǐ zài dàxué deshíhòu xuéle shénme zhuānyè？
你在大学的时候学了什么专业？

了usage What did …

What did you do last
weekend?
What did you eat last
night?
What major did you
study in college?

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S 是在哪儿 VO的？
Exception
S 去哪儿了？

nǐ zuówǎn qù nǎlǐ le?
你昨晚去哪里了？
nǐ zài nǎlǐ shàng dàxué?
你在哪里上大学？
nǐmen zài nǎlǐ rènshi de?
你们在哪里认识的？

Where did…

Where did you go last
night?
Where did you go to
college?
Where did you meet
each other?

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S是什么时候VO 的?
or
S是什么时候V 的O?
nǐ shénmeshíhou shàng de dàxué?
你什么时候上的大学？
nǐ jīntiān shénmeshíhou lái de?
你今天什么时候来的？
nǐ shénme shíhou líkāi zhōngguó de?
你什么时候离开中国的？

When did…

When did you go to
college?
When did you come
today?
When did you leave China?

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S 是怎么VO 的？
nǐmen shì zěnme rènshi de?
你们是怎么认识的？
nǐ shì zěnme xuéxí zhōngwén de?
你是怎么学习中文的？
nǐ jīntiān shì zěnme lái xuéxiào de?
你今天是怎么来学校的？

How did…
How did you meet
each other?
How did you learn
Chinese?
How did you come
to school today?

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Qǐngwèn, (place) zài nǎr? 请问， (place) 在哪儿？
Qǐngwèn, qù (place) zěnme zǒu? 请问，去 (place) 怎么走？
Qǐngwèn, (place) lí zhèr yuǎn bùyuǎn? 请问，(place) 离这儿远不远？
Qǐngwèn, place lí zhèr jìn bù jìn？
请问， (place) 离这儿近不近？

Where is ______?
Excuse me, how do I get to_______?
Excuse me, is the ____ far from here?
Excuse me, is the ____ close to here?

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拐 guǎi

Yīzhí zǒu
一直走
Wǎng zuǒ guǎi
往左拐
Wǎng yòu guǎi
往右拐

◊ to make a turn

Keep going straight
Turn left
Turn right

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问路 wènlù

Qǐngwèn, (place） zài nǎr?
请问, (place) 在哪儿？
Qǐngwèn, qù (place) zěnme zǒu?
请问, 去 (place) 怎么
走？
Qǐngwèn, qù (place) zuò dìtiě shénme xiàn?
请问, 去 (place) 坐地铁什么线？
Qǐngwèn, qù (place) zuò shénme chē?
请问，去 (place) 坐什么车？

Asking directions

Excuse me, where is (place)?
Excuse me, how do I get to (place)?
Excuse me, which subway line goes to (place)?
Excuse me, which bus should I take to (place)?

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指路 zhǐlù

从 start point 一直走 or
Cóng start point yīzhí zǒu or

从 start point 一直往 direction(前/东/西南/北/左/右)走，
Cóng start point yīzhí wǎng direction (qián/dōng/xīnán/běi/zuǒ/yòu )zǒu,

过三个红绿灯，往 direction 拐，
Guò sān gè hónglǜdēng, wǎng direction guǎi,

再一直走，
Zài yīzhí zǒu,

在 name of the road，往左拐/右拐，走一分钟，
就到了。
Zài name of the road, wǎng zuǒ guǎi/yòu guǎi, zǒu yī fēnzhōng, Jiù dào le.

… 就在你的左/右边。
… jiù zài nǐ de zuǒ/yòubian.

Giving directions

Go straight from the start point or

Go straight from the start point in the direction (forward/east/southwest/north/left/right),

Pass three traffic lights, turn in the direction,

Then go straight,

Turn left/right at the

name of the road, walk for one minute,
You will arrive.

… It is on your left/right.

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往前走
wǎng qián zǒu
一直走
yìzhí zǒu
左转
zuǒ zhuǎn
右转
yòu zhuǎn

Go
Keep walking
Turn left
Turn right

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图书馆 túshūguǎn
书店 shūdiàn
体育馆 tǐyùguǎn
花店 huādiàn
停车场 tíngchēchǎng
哟用管 yō yòng guǎn
酒吧 jiǔbā
商场 shāngchǎng
公园 gōngyuán
酒店 jiǔdiàn
宾馆 bīnguǎn
电影院 diànyǐngyuàn
学校 xuéxiào
咖啡馆 kāfēiguǎn
银行 yínháng
药店 yàodiàn
医院 yīyuàn
立交桥 lìjiāoqiáo
过街天桥 guòjiē tiānqiáo

Library
Bookstore
Stadium
Flower shop
Parking lot
Swimming pool
Bar
Shopping Mall
Park
Hotel
Guesthouse
Cinema
School
Cafe
Bank
Pharmacy
Hospital
Overpass
Overhead pedestrian crossing

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语法1：Duration of Inactivity
S + Time Duration+（都） + 没 + V O 了

我们好久不见了。
wǒmen hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn le。
你怎么样？
Nǐ zěnme yàng？
(Duration of inactivity）
我两个月（都）没有看电影因为我学中文了。
wǒ liǎnggèyuè dōu méiyǒu kàndiànyǐng yīn wèiwǒ xuézhōngwén le。

Nǐ duōjiǔ méi yùndòng le?
你多久没运动了？
(Duration of inactivity）
Wǒ liǎng gè yuè méi yùndòng le.
我两个月没运动了。

Nǐ shàngcì kān jiārén shì shénme shíhou?
你上次看家人是什么时候？
(Duration of inactivity）
Wǒ yī gè yuè méi kānjiā rén le.
我一个月没看家人了。
(Point in time）
Wǒ shàngcì kānjiā rén shì shàng gè yuè.
我上次看家人是上个月。

Nǐ duōjiǔ méi gěi nǐ de fùmǔ dǎ diànhuà le?
你多久没给你的父母打电话了？(Duration of inactivity）
Wǒ liǎng gè xīngqī méi gěi wǒ de fùmǔ dǎ diànhuà le.
我两个星期没给我的父母打电话了。
(Point in time）
Nǐ shàngcì gěi nǐ fùmǔ dǎ diànhuà shì shénme shíhou?
你上次给你父母打电话是什么时候？
Wǒ gěiwǒ fùmǔ dǎ diàn shànggèxīngqī。
我给我父母打电上个星期。

(Duration of inactivity）
我两年没有健康检查了。
wǒ liǎngnián méiyǒu jiànkāng jiǎnchá le。
(Duration of inactivity）
Tā yī gè zǎoshang dōu méi chī dōngxi le.
她一个早上都没吃东西了。
(Duration of inactivity）
他三天没睡觉了。
tā sāntiān méi shuìjiàole。
(Point in time）
Tā yī gè xīngqī méi shuì hǎo le.
他一个星期没睡好了。

(Duration of activity）
Nǐ shàngcì yùndòngle duō cháng shíjiān?
你上次运动了多长时间?
wǒ shàng cì yùndòngle yī gè xiǎoshí。
我上次运动了一个小时。
(Duration of activity）
Nǐ gěi nǐ fùmǔ dǎ diànhuà dǎle duō cháng shíjiān?
你给你父母打电话打了多长时间？
wǒgēn fùmǔ dǎ diànhuà le èr shí fēnzhōng。
我跟父母打电话了二十分钟。

语法1：Duration of Inactivity

We haven’t seen each other for a long time.
How are you?
(Duration of inactivity）
I haven’t watched a movie for two months because I have been studying Chinese.

How long has it been since you exercised?
(Duration of inactivity)
I haven’t exercised for two months.

When was the last time you saw your family?
(Duration of inactivity)
I haven’t seen my family for a month.
(Point in time)
The last time I saw my family was last month.

How long has it been since you called your parents?
(Duration of inactivity）
I haven’t called my parents for two weeks.
(Point in time）
When was the last time you called your parents?
I called my parents last week.

(Duration of inactivity）
I haven’t had a health check-up for two years.
(Duration of inactivity）
He hasn’t eaten anything all morning.
(Duration of inactivity）
He hasn’t slept for three days.
(Point in time）
He hasn’t slept well for a week.

Duration of activity
How long did you exercise last time?
I exercised for an hour (last time).
How long did you talk on the phone with your parents?
I talked on the phone with my parents for twenty minutes.

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Duration of activity
Wǒ yī gè wǎnshang dōu zàixué Zhōngwén.
我一个晚上都在学中文。
Wǒ xué Zhōngwén xuéle yī gè wǎnshang.
我学中文学了一个晚上。

Durationofinactivity
S+timeduration+méi+VO
S+timeduration+没+VO
Nǐ duō cháng shíjiān（ duōjiǔ） méi xué Zhōngwén?
你多长时间（多久）没学中文？
Wǒ yī gè wǎnshang（ dōu） méi xué Zhōngwén.
我一个晚上（都）没学中文。
Wǒ sān nián dōu méi xué Zhōngwén le.
我三年都没学中文了。

Reference of time
Nǐ shàngcì xué Zhōngwén shì shénme shíhou?
你上次学中文是什么时候？
Wǒ shàngcì xué Zhōngwén shì sān nián yǐqián.
我上次学中文是三年以前。

nǐ shàngcì shì shénme shíhou xué Zhōngwén de?
你上次是什么时候学中文的？
Wǒ shàngcì shì sān nián qián xué Zhōngwén de.
我上次是三年前学中文的。

Nǐ xiàcì qù Zhōngguó shì shénme shíhou?nǐ xiàcì shénme shíhou qù Zhōngguó?
你下次去中国是什么时候？/你下次什么时候去中国？
Wǒ xiàcì qù Zhōngguó shì míngnián7yuè./Wǒ xiàcì míngnián7yuè qù Zhōngguó.
我下次去中国是明年7月。/我下次明年7月去中国。

frequency in time

VO+duōshǎo cì（ jǐ cì）
durationoftime+VO+多少次（几次）

Nǐ yī gè xīngqī qù yújiā kè duōshǎo cì?
你一个星期去瑜伽课多少次？
Wǒ yī gè xīngqī qù yújiā kè sān sì cì.
我一个星期去瑜伽课三四次。

Duōjiǔ+VO+yī cì（howoften）
多久+VO+一次（howoften）
Nǐ duōjiǔ kānjiā rén yī cì?
你多久看家人一次？
Wǒ yī gè xīngqī kàn xiānsheng yī cì. Wǒ yī gè yuè kàn nǚ’ér yī cì.
我一个星期看先生一次。我一个月看女儿一次。

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语法1： Descriptive Complement

S V O V 得 (很) adj.
S V 得 (很) adj.

玩得很高兴。
wándé hěngāoxìng。
聊得很高兴。
liáodé hěngāoxìng。
考試考得很不错。
kǎoshì kǎodé hěnbùcuò。
他打球打得很累。
tā dǎqiú dǎdé hěnlèi。

Add complement to sentences ?
我昨晚没睡好。
wǒ zuówǎn méi shuìhǎo。
我在网上和朋友聊天玩得很开心。
wǒzài wǎngshàng hé péngyou liáotiān wándé hěnkāixīn。
我听说你厨艺很好。
wǒtīng shuō nǐ chúyì hěnhǎo。
人人都知道你唱歌得很好。
rénrén dōuzhīdào nǐ chànggē chàng dé hěnhǎo。
他因为看电脑而感到筋疲力尽。
tā yīnwéi kàn diànnǎo ér gǎndào jīnpílìjìn。

Lesson 16 语法1： Descriptive Complement

Had a great time playing.
Had a great time chatting.
Did very well on the exam.
He is very tired from playing ball.

I didn’t sleep well last night.
I had a good time chatting with my friend online.
I heard that you are a good cook.
Everybody knows that you can sing well.
He was worn out from looking at the computer.

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语法2: Potential Complement
S V 不/得 resultative complement O

听得到 tīngdedào
听不到 tīngbúdào
听得清楚
tīng de qīngchǔ
听不清楚
tīng bùqīngchǔ
没听清楚
méitīng qīngchǔ

你能听到我吗？nǐ néng tīngdào wǒ ma？

。bàoqiàn, wǒ tīng bù jiàn nǐ。
我能听得很清楚。
wǒ néng tīng dé hěn qīngchǔ。
抱歉，我没听清楚。你能再说一遍吗？
bàoqiàn，wǒ méi tīng qīngchǔ。nǐ néngzài shuō yíbiàn ma？

Lesson 16 语法2: Potential Complement

Indicating able/unable to do…

Can hear
Can’t hear
Can hear clearly
Can’t hear clearly
Didn’t hear clearly
Can hear
Cannot hear

Can you hear me?
Sorry, I can’t hear you.
I can hear clearly.
Sorry, I didn’t hear clearly. Would you please say it again?

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Resultative Potential
学会没学会学不会学得会
学完没学完学不完学得完
做完没做完做不完做得完
想起来没想起来想不起来想得起来
记住没记住记不住记得住
看懂没看懂看不懂看得懂
听懂没听懂听不懂听得懂
听清楚没听清楚听不清楚听得清楚
想好没想好 X X
说好没说好说不好说得好
记得不记得记不得 X
X X 买不起买得起

xuéhuì méi xuéhuì xuébúhuì xuédé huì
xuéwán méi xuéwán xuébùwán xuédé wán zuòwán méi zuòwán zuòbùwán zuòdé wán xiǎngqǐlái méi xiǎngqǐlái xiǎngbùqǐlái xiǎngdé qǐlái jìzhù méi jìzhù jìbùzhù jì děizhù
kàndǒng méikàndǒng kànbùdǒng kàndedǒng tīngdǒng méitīngdǒng tīngbùdǒng tīngdedǒng tīngqīngchǔ méitīngqīngchǔ tīngbùqīngchǔ tīngdeqīngchǔ
xiǎnghǎo méixiǎnghǎo X X
shuōhǎo méi shuōhǎo shuōbùhǎo shuōdehǎo jìde bù jìde jìbùdé X
X X mǎibùqǐ mǎidéqǐ

Lesson 16 语法2: Potential Complement

*Learned Not learned Cannot learn Can learn
*Finished learning Not finished learning Cannot finish learning Can finish learning
*Finished doing Not finished doing Cannot finish doing Can finish doing
*Remembered Not remembered Cannot remember Can remember
*Remembered Not remembered Cannot remember Can remember
*Understood Not understood Cannot understand Can understand
*Understood Not understood Cannot understand Can understand
*Heard clearly Not heard clearly Cannot hear clearly Can hear clearly
*Decided Not decided X X
*Agreed Not agreed Cannot say well Can say well
*Remember Do not remember Cannot remember X
*X X Cannot afford Can afford

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语法3：就 + number = 只有 (Only…)

qǐng shāo děng yíxià，zhǐ yào 5 fēnzhōng。
请稍等一下，只要5分钟。
wǒ de bān shàng zhǐ yǒu 4 gè xuéshēng
我的班上只有4个学生。
jīntiān dekè zhǐ yǒu 10 gè xīn dāncí。
今天的课只有10个新单词。
zàinǐ jiālǐ ， zhǐyǒu nǐduì huāfěn guòmǐn。
在你家里，只有你对花粉过敏。
jīntiān shì wǒzhèzhōu wéiyī yǒukòng de yìtiān。
今天是我这周唯一有空的一天。

Study These Flashcards

Lesson 16 语法3：就 + number = 只有 (Only…)

Please wait a moment, only 5 minutes.
There are only 4 students in my class.
Today’s lesson has only 10 new words.
Only you in your family are allergic to pollen.
Today is the only day I have free time this week.

语法 4: Directional Complements
来/去

进来 jìnlái 进去 jìnqù
出来 chūlái 出去 chūqù
上来 shànglái上去 shàngqù
下来 xiàlái 下去 xiàqu
回来 huílái 回去 huíqù
过来 guòlái 过去 guòqù

搬进来 bān jìnlái
搬出去 bān chūqù
拿出来 náchūlái
拿出去 náchūqù
拿上来 ná shànglái
放下去 fàngxiàqù
放回去 fàng huíqù

Sentences ????

Study These Flashcards

Lesson 16 语法 4: Directional Complements
来/去

Come in, go in
Come out, go out
Come up, go up
Come down, go down
Come back, go back

Move in
Move out
Take out
Take away
Bring up
Put down
Put back

I just moved out.
Please take out your book.
Please put it back.
Please put you bag up.
Now put it down.
Please take this chair out because it is broken.
You can’t go in. You have to wait right here.
I can’t come home at 7pm.

语法1： Time Duration S+V+（ le）+Time duration S+V+（了）+Time duration S+time duration+都+Verb Wǒ yī gè zǎoshang dōu zài gōngzuò. 我一个早上都在工作。 Wǒ gōngzuòle yī gè zǎoshang. 我工作了一个早上。 Wǒ xiàgè xīngqī yī xūyào gōngzuò yī gè zǎoshang. 我下个星期一需要工作一个早上。 Nǐ zài Guówùyuàn gōngzuò duōjiǔle? 你在国务院工作多久了？ Wǒ zài Guówùyuàn gōngzuòle23nián le. 我在国务院工作了23年了。 Tā bìngle duōjiǔ le? 他病了多久了？ Tā bìngle liǎng tiān le. 他病了两天了。

Lesson 17 语法1： Time Duration I spent the entire morning working. I worked all morning. I need to work for a morning next Monday. How long have you been working at the State Department? I have worked at the State Department for 23 years. How long has he been sick? He has been sick for two days.

语2法 : S time/location 连一个 Object 都/也 (没/不)Verb 连一个 lián yígè = even one Nǎ tiān/nǎ nián/nǎge rén/nǎ yī cì/nǎbiān/nǎli/nǎr/nǎ zhǒng 哪天/哪年/哪个人/哪一次/哪边/哪里/哪儿/哪种 Wǒ shénme yǐnliào (nǎ+mw） dōu bù xiǎng hē. 我什么饮料（哪+mv）都不想喝。 Wǒ lián zuótiān xué de yī gè zì dōu xiǎng bù qǐlái. 我连昨天学的一个字都想不起来。 Wǒ zài Běijīng lián yī gè Zhōngguó péngyou dōu méiyǒu. 我在北京连一个中国朋友都没有。 Wǒ zài zhèli bù rènshi rènhé rén, lián yī gè rén dōu bù rènshi. 我在这里不认识任何人，连一个人都不认识。 Wǒ jīntiān zǎoshang lián yī bēi kāfēi dōu méiyǒu hē. 我今天早上连一杯咖啡都没有喝。 Wǒ shàng gè yuè méiyǒu kàn rènhé Zhōngguó diànyǐng. 我上个月没有看任何中国电影。 Wǒ shàng gè yuè lián rèn hé Zhōngguó diànyǐng dōu méiyǒu kàn. 我上个月连任何中国电影都没有看。 Nǐ zěnme lián chī yào dōu wàngle ne? 你怎么连吃药都忘了呢？ Nǐ zěnme liándài wǔfàn dōu wàngle ne? 你怎么连带午饭都忘了呢？ Chúle Běijīng yǐwài, zài Zhōngguó, wǒ shénme（any） dìfang dōu méi qù guò. 除了北京以外，在中国，我什么（any）地方都没去过。 Wǒ shénme dòngwù dōu bù yǎng. 我什么动物都不养。 Wǒ yǐqián shénme dòngwù dōu méi yǎng guò. 我以前什么动物都没养过。 Shénme shíhou dōu kěyǐ. 什么时候都可以。 Nǐ shénme shíhou lái kàn wǒ dōu kěyǐ. 你什么时候来看我都可以。 Wǒ zài Zhōngguó shénme rén（ shéi） dōu bù rènshi. 我在中国什么人（谁）都不认识。

Lesson 17 语法2 : S time/location 连一个 Object 都/也 (没/不)Verb 连一个 lián yígè = even one Which day / which year / which person / which time / which side / where / where / which kind I don't want to drink any kind of beverage. I can't even remember a single character I learned yesterday. I don't have a single Chinese friend in Beijing. I don't know anyone here, not even a single person. I didn't even have a cup of coffee this morning. I didn't watch any Chinese movies last month. I didn't watch any Chinese movies at all last month. How could you even forget to take your medicine? How could you even forget lunch? Apart from Beijing, I haven't been to any other place in China. I don't keep any animals. I have never kept any animals before. Anytime is fine. You can come to see me anytime. I don't know anyone in China.

语法 3：Verb + 不下 O (not enough room) Verb + 得下 O （enough room) 吃不下 / 吃得下 chī búxià / chī déxià 坐不下/坐得下 zuò búxià / zuò déxià 放不下/放得下 fàngbúxià / fàngdéxià 站不下 zhàn búxià 住得下/住不下 zhù déxià / zhù búxià

Lesson 17 语法 3：Verb + 不下 O (not enough room) Verb + 得下 O Can't eat / Can eat Can't sit / Can sit Can't put down / Can put down Can't stand (fit) Can live / Can't live

语法4：number +noun + 多 number+MW+多 noun （less than 10) number + 多 MW noun (more than 10) More than ten years 十年多 More than 5 months 五个多月了 More than one hour 一个多小时 More than 10 students 十多个学生 More than 10 days/years 十多天 More than one hundred dollars 一百多块钱 More than 300 million population 三亿多人口

Lesson 17 语法4：number +noun + 多 number+MW+多 noun （less than 10) number + 多 MW noun (more than 10) More than ten years 十年多 More than 5 months 五个多月了 More than one hour 一个多小时 More than 10 students 十多个学生 More than 10 days/years 十多天 More than one hundred dollars 一百多块钱 More than 300 million population 三亿多人口

语法 5： S + Question Pronoun O + 都 (不)/(没）V All inclusive or exclusive 什么 O 都不 / 没 V shénme O dōubù / méi V 哪儿都不/没 V nǎr dōubù / méi V 什么时间都不/没 V shénme shíjiān dōubù / méi V 什么时候 VO 都可以 shénme shíhòu VO dōu kěyǐ 几点 VO 都不可以 jǐdiǎn VO dōu bùkěyǐ 谁都不 V shuí dōubù V 哪个都不 V nǎgè dōubù V Sentences 我不想东西都不喝。 wǒ bù xiǎng dōngxī dōubù hē。我在中国哪儿都没去过。 wǒ zài zhōngguó nǎr dōu méi qùguò。宠物我没有养。 chǒngwù wǒ méi yǒu yǎng。在这个城市你找不到糖醋鱼。 zài zhège chéngshì nǐ zhǎo bú dào tángcùyú。你可以随时来看我。 nǐkěyǐ suíshí lái kànwǒ。任何时候都可以。 rènhéshíhòu dōukěyǐ。人人都知道。 rénrén dōu zhīdào。到处都很美。 dàochù dōu hěnměi。

Lesson 17 语法 5： S + Question Pronoun O + 都 (不)/(没）V Nothing O does/has not V Nowhere does/has not V At any time does/has not V Whenever VO is fine At what time VO is not allowed No one V None of them V I don’t feel like drinking anything. I haven’t been anywhere in China. I don’t keep any pets. You can’t find sweet and sour fish anywhere in this city. You can come to see me anytime. Anytime is fine. Everybody knows. Everywhere is beautiful.

语法1：Duration of Non-Action S + (有）Time Duration + 没 + V O 了我们好久不见了。 wǒmen hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn le。你怎么样？ Nǐ zěnme yàng？我两个月没有都看电影因为我学中文了。 wǒ liǎnggèyuè méiyǒu dōu kàndiànyǐng yīn wèiwǒ xuézhōngwén le。多久时间你运动上次了？ duōjiǔ shíjiān nǐ yùndòng shàngcì le？多久时间你看家人上次了？ duōjiǔ shíjiān nǐkàn jiārén shàngcì le？多久时间你给你父母大电话了？ duōjiǔ shíjiān nǐ gěi nǐ fùmǔ dà diànhuà le？我有两年没有健康的检查了。 wǒyǒu liǎngnián méiyǒu jiànkāng de jiǎnchá le。她一个早上都没吃都了。 tā yígè zǎo shàng doū méichī dōu le。他三天没睡觉了。 tā sāntiān méi shuìjiàole。他一个星期谁叫睡得不好了。 tā yígè xīngqī shuíjiào shuìdé bùhǎo le。

Lesson 18 Grammar 语法1：Duration of Non-Action S + (有）Time Duration + 没 + V O 了 We haven’t seen each other for a long time. How is everything with you? I haven't watched any movies for two months because I have been studying Chinese. How long has it been since you last exercised? How long has it been since you last saw your family? How long has it been since you called your parents? I haven’t had a health check-up in two years. She didn't eat anything all morning. He hasn’t slept for 3 days. He hasn’t slept well for a whole week.

语法2 ：好 + Verb: easy to do 难 + Verb: hard to do 好写难写好看难看好学难学 hǎoxiě nánxiě hǎokàn nánkàn hàoxué nánxué 好吃难吃好懂难懂好听难听 hàochī nánchī hǎodǒng nándǒng hǎotīng nántīng 好说难说好走难走好多好难 hǎoshuō nánshuō hǎozǒu nánzǒu hǎoduō hǎonán

Lesson 18 Grammar 2: 好 + Verb: easy to do, 难 + Verb: hard to do Easy to write Hard to write Good-looking Ugly Easy to learn Hard to learn Tasty Tasteless Easy to understand Hard to understand Pleasant to hear Unpleasant to hear Easy to say Hard to say Easy to walk Hard to walk Many / So much Very hard

语法2：好/难 + Verb jì zhù hànzì hěn nán。记住汉字很难 xiě hànzì hěn nán。写汉字很难。 lǐ jiě hànzì hěn nán。理解汉字很难。 hěn nán pànduàn zhège zhōumò shìfǒu huì xiàyǔ。很难判断这个周末是否会下雨。 wǒ rènwéi fǎshì kāfēi wèidào hěn hǎo。我认为法式咖啡味道很好。 zài shèng dànjié qījiān mǎi dào piányi dípiào hěn nán。在圣诞节期间买到便宜的票很难。

Lesson 18 Grammar 语法2: 好 + Verb: easy to do, 难 + Verb: hard to do It is very hard to memorize Chinese characters. It is very hard to write Chinese characters. It is very hard to understand Chinese characters. It is hard to tell whether it will rain this weekend. I think French coffee tastes very good. It is difficult to get cheap tickets during Christmas.

语法3：V 下去继续 jìxù 别 Verb 下去了： bié Verb xiàqu le：Stop doing something 说下去/请继续。 shuō xiàqu /qǐngjìxù。 Go on please. 吃不下去饭 vs. 吃不下去了 chī búxiàqù fàn vs. chī búxiàqùle 说不下去 shuō búxiàqù 听不下去 tīng búxiàqù 看不下去 kàn búxiàqù 生活不下去了/活不下去了 shēnghuó búxiàqùle / huó búxiàqùle 这个电影太没意思了，我看不下去了。 zhège diànyǐng tài méiyìsi le，wǒ kàn bùxiàqùle。

Lesson 18 Grammar 3: V + 下去 ◊ continue, carry on Don't Verb anymore: Stop doing something Keep talking/go on: Go on please. Can't eat vs. couldn't eat Can't continue talking Can't continue listening Can't continue watching Can't continue living / can't go on living This movie is so boring, I can't continue watching.

说下去 shuō xiàqu 说不下去了 shuō búxiàqù le 吃下去 chī xiàqù 吃不下去了 chī búxiàqù le 别唱下去了 bié chàng xiàqu le 看不下去了 kàn búxiàqùle

Lesson 18 Grammar 3: V + 下去 Keep talking Can't keep talking anymore Keep eating Can't eat anymore Don't keep singing. Can't bear to watch anymore

语法3 ：（再）V +下去 indicating continuation 讲话 jiǎnghuà ◊ speak, talk ◊ deliver an address, give a speech

Lesson 18 Grammar 3: (再) V +下去 indicating continuation Go on please. I want to continue learning it. If you keep running, you will be exhausted. If you keep gaining weight, you will have more health issues. The speech is so boring, I can’t continue listening to it. She is so sad to continue talking. 难过nanguo Stop singing. I can’t stand it.

语法4：Duration of Actions S V （了）duration 的 O （了）你学了多长时间的中文了？你工作多长时间了？你在国务院工作了多长时间了？你做了多长时间的外交官了？你在华盛顿多长时间了？你每天睡几个小时的觉？ nǐxué le duō chángshíjiānde zhōngwén le？ nǐ gōngzuò duō chángshíjiān le？ nǐzài guówùyuàn gōngzuòle duō chángshíjiān le？ nǐzuò le duō chángshíjiānde wàijiāo guānliǎo？ nǐzài huáshèngdùn duō chángshíjiān le？ nǐ měitiān shuì jǐgèxiǎoshí de jué？

Lesson 18 Grammar 4: Duration of Actions S V (le) duration O (le) How long have you been studying Chinese? How long have you been working? How long have you been working at the State Council? How long have you been a diplomat? How long have you been in Washington? How many hours do you sleep every day?

语法5：The Particle 着：　 Verb + 着　站着　聊天坐着　吃饭　躺着看书抱着　孩子　聊天　笑着　说哭着说看着我/电脑 zhànzhe liáotiān zuòzhe chīfàn　 tǎngzhe kànshū bàozhe háizi liáotiān　 xiàozhe shuō kūzhe shuō kànzhe wǒ/ diànnǎo

Lesson 18 Grammar 5: The Particle 着: Verb + 着 Standing, chatting Sitting, eating Lying down, reading Holding a child, chatting Smiling, speaking Crying, speaking Looking at me/the computer

语法5：V + 着站着 VO：站着聊天坐着 VO：坐着吃饭, 聊天躺着 VO：躺着看书，听音乐，抱着球跑拿着篮球，笑着说，哭着说 zhànzhe VO： zhànzhe liáotiān zuòzhe VO：zuòzhechīfàn, liáotiān tǎngzhe VO： tǎngzhe kànshū ，tīngyīnlè， bàozhe qiú pǎo názhe lánqiú ，xiàozheshuō， kūzhe shuō

Lesson 18 Grammar 5: The Particle 着: Verb + 着 Standing VO: Standing and chatting Sitting VO: Sitting and eating, chatting Lying VO: Lying down and reading, listening to music, Holding the ball and running Holding a basketball, smiling while talking, crying while talking

语法6：S 被/叫/让 someone V complement 被／叫／让 in passive voice　 O +被/叫/让 someone/sth. V + comple 了我的咖啡被人喝了。我的午饭被人拿走了。我的钱被人偷走了。我的位子被别人坐 wǒde kāfēi bèirén hēle。 wǒde wǔfàn bèirén názǒu le。 wǒ deqián bèirén tōuzǒu le。 wǒde wèizi bèi biérén zuò 别人把我的咖啡喝了。有人把我的午饭拿走了。小偷把我的钱偷走了。别人把我的座位占了。 biérén bǎwǒ de kāfēi hēle。 yǒurén bǎwǒ de wǔfàn názǒu le。 xiǎotōu bǎwǒ deqián tōuzǒu le。 biérén bǎwǒ de zuòwèi zhànle。

Lesson 18 Grammar 6: S is/called/made someone V complement 被／叫／让 in passive voice My homework was eaten by my dog. The book was taken away by your sister. My glasses were crushed by my son. My mother took my old phone. My coffee was drunk by someone. My lunch was taken by someone. My money was stolen by someone. My seat was taken by someone. Someone drank my coffee. Someone took my lunch. A thief stole my money. Someone took my seat.

语法 1: 我的午饭被人拿走了。我的眼镜被女儿坐坏了 ??被偷走 touzou

Lesson 18 ◊ (as passive prefix) be... Someone took my lunch. My glasses was crushed by my daughter. My money was stolen.

语法 1：Duration of Non-Action S + （有）Time Duration + 没 + V O 了

Lesson 18 Grammar

语法 2: S time/location 连一个 Object 都/也 (没/不)Verb 一点儿

语法2 ：好 + Verb: easy to do 难 + Verb: hard to do 好写 hǎoxiě 难写 nánxiě 好看 hǎokàn 难看 nánkàn 好学 hàoxué 难学 nánxué 好吃 hàochī 难吃 nánchī 好懂 hǎodǒng 难懂 nándǒng 好听 hǎotīng 难听 nántīng 好说 hǎoshuō 难说 nánshuō 好走 hǎozǒu 难走 nánzǒu 好多 hǎoduō 好难 hǎonán

Easy to write Hard to write Good-looking Ugly Easy to learn Hard to learn Delicious Hard to eat Easy to understand Hard to understand Pleasant to hear Unpleasant to hear Easy to say Hard to say Easy to walk Hard to walk Many Very hard

语法3：V 下去 xiàqu 继续 jìxù 别 Verb 下去了： Stop doing something 说下去/请继续。Go on please. 吃不下去饭 vs. 吃不下去了说不下去听不下去看不下去生活不下去了/活不下去了这个电影太没意思了，我看不下去了。

◊ anymore ◊ continue, carry on Don't + Verb + anymore: (Stop doing something) Keep talking/go on please. Can't eat anymore vs. couldn't eat anymore Can't keep talking Can't bear to listen Can't bear to watch Can't continue living This movie is too boring, I can't watch it anymore.

语法3 ：（再）V +下去 indicating continuation 难过 nanguo 讲话 jiǎnghuà

语法3 ：（再）V +下去 indicating continuation Go on please. I want to continue learning it. If you keep running, you will be exhausted. If you keep gaining weight, you will have more health issues. The speech is so boring, I can’t continue listening to it. She is so sad to continue talking. Stop singing. I can’t stand it. ◊ sad ◊ speak, talk ◊ deliver an address, give a speech

语法4：Duration of Action S V （了）duration 的 O （了）你学了多长时间的中文了？ nǐxué le duō cháng shíjiān de zhōngwén le？你工作多长时间了？ nǐ gōngzuò duō cháng shíjiān le？你在国务院工作了多长时间了？ nǐzài guówùyuàn gōngzuòle duō cháng shíjiān le？你做了多长时间的外交官了？ nǐzuò le duō chángshíjiānde wàijiāo guānliǎo？你在华盛顿多长时间了？ nǐzài huáshèngdùn duō chángshíjiān le？你每天睡几个小时的觉？ nǐ měitiān shuì jǐgè xiǎoshí de jiao？

How long have you been studying Chinese? How long have you been working? How long have you been working at the State Department? How long have you been a diplomat? How long have you been in Washington? How many hours do you sleep every day?

语法5：The Particle 着：　 Verb + 着　站着　聊天 zhànzhe liáotiān 坐着　吃饭 zuòzhe chīfàn 躺着看书 tǎngzhe kànshū 抱着　孩子　聊天　bàozhe háizi liáotiān 笑着　说 xiàozhe shuō 哭着说 kūzhe shuō 看着我/电脑 kànzhe wǒ/ diànnǎo 门开着 Mén kāizhe 门关着 Mén guānzhe 窗户开着 Chuānghu kāizhe 　　

语法5：The Particle 着：　 Verb + 着　 Standing, chatting Sitting, eating Lying down, reading Holding the child, chatting Smiling, talking Crying, talking Looking at me/the computer The door is open The door is closed The window is open

语法5：V + 着站着 VO：站着聊天 zhànzhe VO： zhànzhe liáotiān 坐着 VO：坐着吃饭, 聊天 zuòzhe VO：zuòzhe chīfàn, liáotiān 躺着 VO：躺着看书，听音乐，抱着球跑 tǎngzhe VO： tǎngzhe kànshū ，tīngyīnlè 拿着篮球，笑着说，哭着说 bàozhe qiú pǎo názhe lánqiú ，xiàozheshuō， kūzhe shuō

Standing VO: Standing and chatting Sitting VO: Sitting and eating, chatting Lying VO: Lying down and reading, listening to music, Holding the ball and running Holding a basketball, smiling while talking, crying while talking Everybody is standing. Nobody is siting down. Don’t read in bed. Don’t stand there, please take a seat. I like to read in bed. Reading in bed is no good for your eyes.

语法6：S 被/叫/让 someone V complement

My homework was eaten by my dog. The book was taken away by your sister. My glasses were crushed by my son. My mother took my old phone.

语法6：被／叫／让 in passive voice 被bèi O +被/叫/让 someone/sth. V + complement 了 S 被（someone） V complement 我的咖啡被人喝了。 wǒde kāfēi bèirén hēle。我的午饭被人拿走了。 wǒde wǔfàn bèirén názǒu le。我的钱被人偷走了。 wǒ deqián bèirén tōuzǒu le。我的位子被别人坐了。 wǒde wèizi bèi biérén zuòle。别人把我的咖啡喝了。 biérén bǎwǒ de kāfēi hēle。有人把我的午饭拿走了。 yǒurén bǎwǒ de wǔfàn názǒu le。小偷把我的钱偷走了。 xiǎotōu bǎwǒ deqián tōuzǒu le。别人把我的座位占了。 biérén bǎwǒ de zuòwèi zhànle。

My coffee was drunk by someone. My lunch was taken by someone. My money was stolen by someone. My seat was taken by someone else. Someone drank my coffee. Someone took my lunch. A thief stole my money. Someone occupied my seat.

语法1： adj. 得不得了 adj. + 好得不得了 hǎodé bùdéliǎo adj. + 贵得不得了 guìdé bùdéliǎo adj. + 多得不得了 duōdebùdéliǎo adj. + 吵得不得了 chǎodé bùdéliǎo adj. + 高兴得不得了 gāoxìng dé bùdéliǎo

Lesson 19 Grammar 1: adj. extremely Extremely good Extremely expensive Extremely much/many Extremely noisy Extremely happy

语法2: S V O, S 就V O （whoever, whenever, whatever…) shuí xiǎngqù ，(shuí) jiù qù。谁想去， (谁)就去。 nǐ chī shénme ，wǒ jiù chī shénme。你吃什么，我就吃什么。 nǐ he shénme ，wǒ jiù he shénme。你什么，nǎ jiā de. nǎjiā hángkōnggōngsī dípiào piányi ，jiù mǎi nǎ jiāde。哪家航空公司的票便宜，就买哪家的。 nǎ shuāng xié piányi, jiù mǎi nǎ shuāng. 哪双鞋便宜，就买哪双。 Take whichever route is the shortest. Buy whichever airline’s ticket is the cheapest. I’ll do whatever you tell me to do.

Lesson 19 语法2: S V O, S 就V O （whoever, whenever, whatever…) Whoever wants to go can go. I’ll eat whatever you eat. I’ll drink whatever you drink. Which one. Buy the ticket from whichever airline is cheaper. Buy whichever pair of shoes is cheaper.

语法3: large numbers 万：　10 thousand 十万：100 thousand 百万：1 million　千万：　10 million 亿： 100 million　十亿: 1 billion 万亿： 1 trillion

Lesson 19 语法3: large numbers 万：　10 thousand 十万：100 thousand 百万：1 million　千万：　10 million 亿： 100 million　十亿: 1 billion 万亿： 1 trillion

语法 4: Comparative Sentences wǒ bǐ nǐ (dà /xiǎo) liǎng suì。我比你大/小两岁。 zhè dòng fángzi bǐ nà dòng fángzi guì liǎng wàn měi yuán 这栋房子比那栋房子贵两万美元。 wǒ de fángzū bǐ nǐ piányi 350 měi yuán。我的房租比你便宜美元。 nǐ bǐ nǐ dìdi dà duō shǎo suì? 你比你弟弟大多少岁？

Lesson 19 语法 4: Comparative Sentences I am two years older/younger than you. This house is $20,000 more than that house. My rent is $350 cheaper than yours. How much older are you than your little brother?

语法1：的，地，得 Adj/noun/pronoun/attributive 的 noun Adj. 地 verb Adj. 得 verb Verb 得 adj. 玩得高兴 wán dé gāoxìng

Lesson 20 Grammar 1: 的, 地, 得 Pretty flowers School’s library Newly bought car To eat slowly To say happily Have some fun. My classmate runs fast. His wife cooks very well. Jump with joy. The place (you live) Is the place you live quiet and safe? What you said made sense. I didn’t quite understand what you said. The food my mother cooks is the best. I can sing well but I can’t dance well. His wife cooks very fast.

语法2： …的时候, … 以后 kèhòu （kèqián）课后（课前）在大学 zài dàxué

Lesson 20 Grammar 2: ...when..., ...after... When you leave After class (before class) During college after graduate from college 毕业biye After finish learning Chinese Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. 离开关灯 It was raining when I got here. I eat lunch after class. I was cooking when you called me. When I saw him, he was shopping with a friend. He didn’t realize until after he arrived at school that he forgot to bring his lunch. 发现 faxian

语法：还+adj. 样你对_____的印象怎么？还行吧 háixíngba 还可以 háikěyǐ 还不错 háibúcuò 还挺不错的 hái tǐngbúcuò de 还好 hái hǎo 还说得过去 hái shuō dé guòqù 还行，挺干净的 háixíng, tǐng gānjìng de

Lesson 20 Grammar 3: still + adj. So, what's your impression of _____? It's okay Not bad Pretty good Quite good All right Passable It's okay, quite clean

Basic Grammar Flashcards

(57 cards)