Basic Human Body

Question 1

Levels of Organization

Answer 1

• CELLS

• TISSUES
– EPITHELIAL TISSUE
– CONNECTIVE TISSUE 
– MUSCLE TISSUE
– NERVE TISSUE

• ORGANS
• SYSTEMS

Question 2

Levels of Organization (detailed)

Answer 2

• Chemical Level
- atoms & molecule

• Cellular Level
- cells

• Tissue Level
- Epithelial tissue

• Organ Level
- small intestine

• Organ System Level
- liver, stomach, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine

• Organismal Level

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

• Cell wall
• Nuclear membrane (double membrane that encloses the cell nucleus)
• Nucleolus (contains cells chromosomes; inside the nuclear membrane)
• vacuole (membrane containing fluid)
• Centrosome consist of centrosphere enclosing two centrioles
• Net-knot of chromatin forming a pseudo-nucleolus
• Chromatin network
• Cell - inclusion (parapiasm)

Question 4

Organ Systems

Answer 4

1. INTEGUMENTARY
2. MUSCULOSKELETAL
3. NERVOUS
4. ENDOCRINE
5. CIRCULATORY(Cardiovascular)
6. IMMUNE
7. HEMATOLOGIC/LYMPHATIC
8. RESPIRATORY
9. DIGESTIVE(Gastrointestinal)
10. URINARY(Genitourinary)
11. REPRODUCTIVE

Question 5

Organ Systems

Answer 5

1. INTEGUMENTARY
2. MUSCULOSKELETAL
3. NERVOUS
4. ENDOCRINE
5. CIRCULATORY(Cardiovascular)
6. IMMUNE
7. HEMATOLOGIC/LYMPHATIC
8. RESPIRATORY
9. DIGESTIVE(Gastrointestinal)
10. URINARY(Genitourinary)
11. REPRODUCTIVE

Question 6

Integumentary System

Answer 6

• SKIN
• NAILS
• HAIR
• SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS

Question 7

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 7

• BONES
• JOINTS
• MUSCLES
• LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS

Question 8

Skeletal System

Answer 8

• Skull
• Mandible (jawbone)
• Clavicle (collarbone)
• Scapula (shoulder blade)
• Sternum (breastbone)
• Ribs
• Humerus (upper arm bone between elbow & shoulder aka funny bone)
• Radius (Extends lateral side of elbow to thumb side)
• Ulna (Extends from elbow to pinky side)
• Pelvis
• Phalanges (hands)
• Femur (thigh bone)
• Patella (kneecap)
• Tibia (shinbone, the larger of the two bones)
• Fibula (shinbone, the smaller of the two bones)
• Phalanges (feet)

Question 9

Nervous System

Answer 9

• BRAIN
• SPINAL CORD
• CRANIAL NERVES
• SPINAL NERVES
• EYES
• EARS

Question 10

Endocrine System

Answer 10

Hypothalamus gland in the brain sends signal to the pituitary gland. Connects nervous system with endocrine system.

• HORMONES
• GLANDS
   1. PITUITARY
   2. THYROID
   3. PARATHYROID 
   4. ADRENAL
   5. PINEAL
   6. GONADS
   7. PANCREAS
   8. THYMUS

Question 11

Circulatory System

Answer 11

• HEART
• BLOOD VESSELS 
1. ARTERIES
2. VEINS
3. CAPILLARIES

Question 12

Circulation of the heart

Answer 12

• Deoxygenated blood travels from the body through the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and the INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
• Blood then travels into the RIGHT ATRIUM of the heart then passes through the TRICUSPID VALVE to the RIGHT VENTRICLE.
• The blood passes through the PULMONIC VALVE into the PULMONARY ARTERY. The blood goes to the lungs for oxygen.
• The lungs oxygenate the blood and it travels back to the heart in the PULMONARY VEIN.
• The blood goes into the LEFT ATRIUM and passes through the BICUSPID (or MITRAL) VALVE to the LEFT VENTRICLE.
• Then the blood travels through the AORTIC VALVE to the AORTA.

Question 13

Immune System

Answer 13

• BONE MARROW
• LYMPH NODES
• LYMPHOID ORGANS 
   – THYMUS
   – SPLEEN
   – TONSILS
• IMMUNE RELATED CELLS
   - WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC)
   - ANTIBODIES/ANTIGENS 
   - T CELLS

Question 14

Hematologic / Lymphatic System

Answer 14

• BLOOD (Hematologic) 
  - PLASMA
  - FORMED ELEMENTS 
     - RBCs
     - WBCs
     - Clotting Factors (platelets)
• LYMPHATIC
  – LYMPH FLUID
  – LYMPH VESSELS
  – LYMPH NODES
  – LYMPHOID ORGANS

Question 15

Respiratory System

Answer 15

The pathway for air exchange

Upper respiratory tract:
• NOSE
• SINUSES
• PHARYNX (throat)
• LARYNX (voice box)
• TRACHEA

Lower respiratory tract
• BRONCHI
• BRONCHIOLES 
• ALVEOLI
• “LUNGS”

Question 16

Digestive System

Answer 16

• MOUTH
• TEETH
• TONGUE
• ESOPHAGUS
• STOMACH
• SMALL INTESTINE
• LARGE INTESTINE
   – APPENDIX
   – CECUM
   – COLON (ascending, transverse,                    descending)
   – RECTUM
   – ANUS
• ACCESORY ORGANS
   – LIVER
   – GALLBLADDER 
   – PANCREAS
   – PERITONEUM

Question 17

Urinary / Renal System (Genitourinary)

Answer 17

• KIDNEYS (2)
• URETERS (2)
• BLADDER
• URETHRA

Question 18

Reproductive System (Male)

Answer 18

Glands of reproduction are gonads; all are influenced by hormones

MALE
• TESTES
• DUCTAL SYSTEM
• SCROTUM
• PENIS
• ACCESORY GLANDS

Question 19

Reproductive System (Female)

Answer 19

Glands of reproduction are gonads; all are influenced by hormones

FEMALE
• OVARIES
• OVIDUCTS (fallopian tubes)
• UTERUS
• VAGINA
• EXTERNAL GENITALIA 
• BREASTS