Instructor rating > Basic Instrument Flying > Flashcards

Basic Instrument Flying Flashcards

(11 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

3.1 BASIC INSTRUMENT FLYING

KEYNOTES

  • Purpose
    • CPL
  • IFR rating
  • Partial panel
A
  • PURPOSE
    • Provide the skill to safely recover from inadvertenly entering IMC by executoong a 180 degrees turn back toward VMC conditions
    • CPL, provide the skill necessary for
      • VFR OTT
      • Night flying
      • Possibility is high to inadvertely entering IMC
        • Why instrument training for CPL is more extensive than PPL
  • IFR RATING
    • IFR rules in IMC conditions
    • Skills complex and require extensive training
  • PARTIAL PANEL
    • VFR aircraft may not be equipped with full IFR panel
    • Instrument can fail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3.1.1 HUMAN FACTORS

REVIEW 2.1.10

  • Student may feel
  • Maintening control
A
  • STUDENT MAY FEEL the aircraft is
    • Climbing,
    • Turning,
    • Descending
    • Review
      • Visual illusions
      • Vestibular illusion
  • MAINTENING CONTROL of the aircraft
    • MUST rely on their instrument to maintain control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

STATIC AND DYNAMIC PRESSURE

  • Static pressure
  • Dynamic + Static pressure
  • Calibration
A
  • STATIC PRESSURE
    • Altimeter
    • Vertical speed indicator
  • DYNAMIC + STATIC PRESSURE
    • Aispeed indicator
  • CALIBRATION
    • To be used IFR flight or VFR in transponder airspace
    • Static system must be calibrated within the previous 24 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

VSI

  • Purpose
  • Static port blocked
A
  • PURPOSE
    • Mesure the rate of change of atmospheric pressure
    • Determine a vertical speed fpm
  • STATIC PORT BLOCKED
    • VSI will show zero fpm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

ALTIMETER

  • Purpose
A
  • PURPOSE
    • Mesures atmospheric pressure
    • Relies on a relationship between
      • Atmospheric pressure, and
      • Altitude
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

AIRSPEED INDICATOR ASI

  • Satic pressure
  • Total pressure
  • Dynamic pressure
A
  • STATIC PRESSURE
    • Static pressure is read at the static port
  • TOTAL PRESSURE
    • Total air pressure is read by the pitot tube
    • Made of 2 components
      • Dynamic pressure (1/2pV2), plus
      • Static pressure
  • DYNAMIC PRESSURE
    • Mesure by ASI by subtracting
      • Static pressure read at the static port, from
      • Total air pressure read by the pitot tube
    • Dynamic pressure = Total pressure - Static pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

IAS, CAS

  • Purpose for ASI
  • IAS readings
  • CAS
  • V-speeds
A
  • PURPOSE FOR ASI : two
    • Stay within structural and aerodynamic limit
      • Related to dynamic pressure
    • For navigation after some conversion
  • IAS READINGS
    • IAS
    • Some errors result from
      • The location of the pitot tube
        • Not sensing exactly the true dynamic pressure
      • Friction in the IAS mechanism itself
  • CAS
    • IAS corrected = CAS
  • V-SPEEDS
    • Structural + aerodynamic limits are related by dynamic pressure
      • Closely approximated by IAS
      • Excatl by CAS
    • Limits are provided in POH/AFM in for of V-speeds
      • May be in
        • IAS, or
        • CAS
          • If CAS use, there is a chart to convert IAS to CAS in POH
    • IAS, CAS not drirectly useful for navigation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

V-SPEEDS

  • Displayed on IAS
    • White arc
    • Green arc
    • Yellow arc
    • Red radial line
  • Va
  • Vx
  • Vy
  • Vno
  • Vne
  • Vs1
  • Vso
A
  • DISPLAYED ON IAS
    • Several critical are display on IAS
    • WHITE ARC
      • Bottom : Vso
      • Top : Vfe
    • GREEN ARC
      • Bottom : Vs1
      • Top : Vno
    • YELLOW ARC
      • Bottom : Vno
      • Top : Vne
    • RED RADIAL LINE
      • Vne
  • VA
    • Maximum manoeuvring speed
    • Reducing speed below this value in turbulence will help the ensure that the airframe stalls before it breaks
    • Generally this speed decrease with decrease gross weight
  • VX
    • Speed for best angle (or steepest) climb
    • In most piston is just above the take-off speed
      • Give a descent safety margin above the stall speed
      • Allow for
        • Gusty condition
        • Pilot handling error
  • VY
    • Speed for best rate of climb
    • Approximately produce
      • The best range
      • The best glide ratio
      • Slightly highr that the speed for minimum power consumption
  • VNO
    • Maximum structural cruising speed
    • Kown as the top of the green arc
    • Bundary with yellow arc
    • Should not exceed this speed
      • Except in smooth air
  • VNE
    • Never exceed speed
    • Know as red-line speed
    • Speed that should never be exceeded
  • VS1
    • Stall speed
    • Valid only
      • Straight and level
      • Maximum gross weight
      • CG most forward position
    • Indicating stalling speed does not change with a change in altitude
  • VSO
    • Stall speed in the landing configuration
    • Will vary according to the landing configuration used
    • Bottom of the white arc only if
      • Full flaps
      • Maximum landing weight
      • CG most forward allowable position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

TAS

  • IAS informations
  • IAS indication
  • Air density
  • TAS
  • Resume IAS,CAS,TAS
A
  • IAS INFORMATIONS
    • Enable to stay within the aerodynamic and structural limit of the airframe
    • Provide aispeed information for navigation
  • IAS indication
    • From dynamic pressure
      • Product of TAS2 and air density
      • 1/2pV2
  • AIR DENSITY
    • Varies with altitude
      • Decrease with altitude
      • IAS will be less than the TAS
    • IAS can not mesure density and correcting for it
    • IAS = TAS only at one altitude
      • Sea level
      • ISO
  • TAS
    • TAS increase with altitude for the same IAS
    • Exemple 100 IAS =
      • 100 at sea level
      • 107,5 at 5000’
      • 115 at 10,000’
    • Rule of thumb
      • 1,5 % / 1000 ft < 20,000 ft
      • 2% / 1000 ft > 20,000 ft
    • Using calculator
      • Density
        • Temperature (OAT)
        • Pressure altitude
  • RESUME IAS,CAS,TAS
    • IAS (relate to structural limitations)
      • Instrument error and position error corrections
    • CAS (relate to structural limitations)
      • Density correction
    • TAS (used in navigation calculations)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3.1.2 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM

IAS ERRORS

  • Dynamic pressure
  • Blocked pitot tube
  • Blocked static port
A
  • DYNAMIC PREESSURE
    • IAS reading (Dynamic pressure) =
      • Equal
        • Total pressure (Dynamic + Static)
          • Pitot tube
      • Minus
        • Static pressure
          • Static port
  • BLOCKED PITOT TUBE
    • May result from icing
    • Trapped the Total air pressure
      • IAS will react like an altimeter
        • Inc with inc in altitude
        • Dec with dec in altitude
    • DP (60) = TP (80) (blocked) - SP (20)
      • Altitude increase
        • DP (70) = TP (80) (blocked) - SP (10)
        • Increasing altitude raises ASI readings
      • Altitude decrease
        • DP (50) = TP (80) (blocked) - SP (30)
        • Decreasing altitude lower ASI readings
  • BLOCKED STATIC PORT
    • Static pressure is fixed
    • Change in altitude will only affect Total pressure
      • Read a the pitot tube
      • IAS error will substract incorrect SP
    • DP (60) = TP (80) - SP (20) (blocked)
      • Altitude increase
        • DP (40) = TP (60) - SP (20) (blocked)
        • Increasing altitude causes ASI to under read
      • Altitude decrease
        • DP (80) = TP (100) - SP (20)
        • Decreasing altitude casue ASI to over read
        • May cause you to slow down and you might stall
    • 2 Static ports
      • Most aeroplane on either side
        • Eliminate incorrect reading
        • Backup
        • Unpressurized airplane
          • Alternate staic in cockpit
          • Cabin pressure will be slightly lower than the outside pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3.1.3 ALTIMETRY

ORIGIN OF PRESSURE AT ANY POINT IN THE ATMOSPHERE

  • Weight
  • Altimeter
A
  • WEIGHT
    • Of the air above
    • Pressure drop as you climb
  • ALTIMETER
    • Mechanical instrument reads atmospheric pressure
    • Convert it in altitude assuming the pressure decrease in height at the ISO rate
    • Reality ISO conditions are very rares
      • Deviation in
        • Temperature
        • Pressure
      • Real altomoshere deviation from standard cause errors in the altitude indicated by the altimeter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
Instructor rating
flashcards
Decks in class (4)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions