Basic mammalian body plan

Question 1

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 1

anatomy that is visible to the naked eye

Question 2

Dorsal

Answer 2

towards the dorsum (back) or corresponding surfaces of head and tail

Question 3

Ventral

Answer 3

towards the ventrum (belly) or corresponding surfaces of head and tail

Question 4

Cranial

Answer 4

towards the cranium (head)

Question 5

Caudal

Answer 5

towards the tail

Question 6

(head) rostral

Answer 6

towards the tip of the nose

Question 7

(head) caudal

Answer 7

towards the tail

Question 8

proximal

Answer 8

towards the trunk

Question 9

distal

Answer 9

away from the trunk

Question 10

medial

Answer 10

towards the median plane

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

away from the median plane

Question 12

axial

Answer 12

close to the axis

Question 13

abaxial

Answer 13

away from the axis

Question 14

(forelimb) above the carpus

Answer 14

cranial and caudal

Question 15

(forelimb) below the carpus

Answer 15

dorsal and palmar

Question 16

(hindlimb) above the tarsus

Answer 16

cranial and caudal

Question 17

(hindlimb) below the tarsus

Answer 17

dorsal and plantar

Question 18

What is the function of the musculoskeletal (locomotor) system?

Answer 18

protection and support of body systems

Question 19

What is included in the axial skeleton?

Answer 19

• skull
• vertebral column

Question 20

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 20

• forelimb
• hindlimb

Question 21

What is included in the vertebral column?

Answer 21

• vertebra/vertebrae
• individual bones acting as a single functional unit

Question 22

What are the regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 22

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• caudal/coccygeal

Question 23

What are the forelimb bones?

Answer 23

• scapula
• humerous
• radius & ulna
• carpal bones
• metacarpal bones
• phalanges (proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx)

Question 24

What are the forelimb joints?

Answer 24

• shoulder
• elbow
• carpus
• metacarpo-phalangeal / fetlock
• proximal interphalangeal
• distal interphalangeal

Question 25

What are the hindlimb bones?

Answer 25

- pelvis - femur - tibia & fibula - tarsal bones - metatarsal bones - phalanges ( proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx)

Question 26

What are the hindlimb joints?

Answer 26

- sacroiliac - hip - stifle - tarsus/hock - metatarso-phalangeal/fetlock - proximal interphalangeal - distal interphalangeal

Question 27

The trunk contains what 3 body cavities?

Answer 27

thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Question 28

(Thoracic cavity) Dorsal limits

Answer 28

thoracic region of vert. column

Question 29

(Thoracic cavity) Lateral limits

Answer 29

ribcage (ribs and associated structures)

Question 30

(Thoracic cavity) Ventral limits

Answer 30

sternum

Question 31

(Thoracic cavity) Cranial limits

Answer 31

thoracic inlet

Question 32

(thoracic cavity) caudal limits

Answer 32

diaphram

Question 33

What major components of these systems are contained within the thoracic cavity?

Answer 33

- cardiovascular system - heart - respiratory system - lungs - digestive system - oesophagus

Question 34

What is the specific function of the thoracic wall?

Answer 34

aid in respiration (breathing)

Question 35

(abdominal cavity) dorsal limits

Answer 35

lumbar region of vert. column

Question 36

(abdominal cavity) lateral and ventral limits

Answer 36

muscular abdominal wall

Question 37

(abdominal cavity) cranial limits

Answer 37

diaphragm

Question 38

(abdominal cavity) caudal limits

Answer 38

pelvic inlet

Question 39

What is the specific function of the abdominal wall?

Answer 39

- allows expansion - aids in abdominal press

Question 40

(pelvic cavity) dorsal limits

Answer 40

sacral region of vertebral column

Question 41

(pelvic cavity) cranial limits

Answer 41

pelvic inlet

Question 42

(pelvic cavity) caudal limits

Answer 42

pelvic diaphragm (muscles that form boundary), perineum (skin)

Question 43

what is the function of the pelvic diaphragm and perineum?

Answer 43

support external openings of these systems

Question 44

What is a joint?

Answer 44

the point at which two bones or two parts of the skeleton are fitted together is a joint