Intro To Opto > Basic Opto > Flashcards

Basic Opto Flashcards

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1
Q

Prescribes lenses, contact lenses or any other optical aids

A

Optometrist

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2
Q

Treat the eye diseases and perform ocular surgery

A

Opthalmologist

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3
Q
  • signifies a person who is
    proficient in the science of optics.
A

Optician

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4
Q
  • involved in the teaching and
    training process of sensory and motor
    aspects of vision.
A

Orthoptist

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5
Q

a person involved in
the application of an artificial eye.

A

Ocular Prosthetist

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6
Q

-A person
engaged in the fitƫing contact lenses.

A

Contact Lens Practitioner

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7
Q

-Known as “ contologist”

A

Contact Lens Practitioner

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8
Q

a medical practitioner engaged in
the care of the eyes, ears, nose and
throat

A

EENT

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9
Q
  • providing
    assistance to the one who directly
    provide eye care services.
A

Ophthalmic Assistant

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10
Q

-highly developed photosensitive organ that
analyzes: the form, intensity and the color of
light reflected from objects.
-contains cushions of adipose issues.
-About 2.5cm in diameter.

A

EYE

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11
Q

the clear outer part of the eye’s
focusing system located at the front of the eye.

A

Cornea

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12
Q

is the light-sensitive tissue at the
back of the eye. The retina converts light
into electrical impulses that are sent to the
brain through the optic nerve.

A

Retina

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13
Q
  • is the colored part of the eye that
    regulates the amount of light entering the eye
A

Iris

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14
Q

a clear part of the eye behind the iris
that helps to focus light, or an image, on the retina.

A

Lens

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15
Q
  • is the small, sensitive area of the
    retina that gives central vision. It is located
    in the center of the retina.
A

Macula

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16
Q

is the largest sensory nerve of
the eye. It carries impulses for sight from
the retina to the brain.

A

Optic nerve

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17
Q
  • is the opening at the center of the
    iris. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil and
    controls the amount of light that can enter
    the eye.
A

Pupil

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18
Q
  • is a transparent, colorless
    mass that fills the rear two-thirds of the
    eyeball, between the lens and the retina.
A

Vitreous gel

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19
Q

HISTOLOGICAL DIVISION OF THE EYEBALL (3)

A

A. OUTER FIBROUS LAYER
B. MIDDLE VASCULAR LAYER
C. INNER NERVOUS LAYER

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20
Q

OUTER FIBROUS LAYER (ANTERIOR
CHAMBER)

A

eyelid, pupil, sclera, iris

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21
Q

Anterior ⅓ of the outermost layer
- Transparent membrane
- Provides ⅔ of the eye’s refracting power
- Avascular, clear and shiny surface
- Sensitive. There are more nerve ending in
the cornea than elsewhere in the body.

A

Cornea

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22
Q

LAYERS OF THE CORNEA

A
  • Anterior Epithelium
  • Bowman’s Membrane
  • Corneal Stroma
  • Descemet’s Membrane
  • Endothelium
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23
Q
  • Posterior ⅔ portion of the outermost
    layer.
  • Toughest layer of the eye
  • Opaque tissue that serves as the eye’s
    protective outer coat.
  • Maintains the shape of the globe.
  • Anchorage of the extraocular muscles
  • In children: thinner and translucent
  • Older people: yellowish
A

Sclera

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24
Q

Border of the cornea and sclera

A

CORNEOSCLERAL LIMBUS

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25
MIDDLE VASCULAR LAYER (POSTERIOR CHAMBER)
IRIS,. CILLIARY BODY,CRYSTALLINE LENS ,.CHOROID
26
Regulates the entry of light into the eye. - Controlled by the dilator and sphincter muscles. - Doctors often evaluate the reaction of the pupils to light to determine a person’s neurological function. - Pigment cells called “melanin”.
iris
27
Structure between the Iris and the Choroid - production of aqueous humor. - Nourishment comes from the blood vessels that also supplies the iris. - Has the ciliary muscles that control the function of crystalline lens
Cilliary body
28
Clear transparent structure behind the iris. - Focuses the light into the retina. - In young people, the lens changes shape to adjust for close distance vision. - With age, the lens gradually hardens, diminishing the ability to accommodate.
.CRYSTALLINE LENS
29
Lies between sclera and retina - Provides blood supply to the eye - Gives nutrition to the various parts of the eye
Choroid
30
INNER NERVOUS LAYER (POSTERIOR CHAMBER)
RETINA ,RODS,CONES,MACULA, FOVEA,OPTIC NERVE,. OPTIC DISC/ OPTIC NERVE HEAD,
31
made up of transparent, sensory and nervous tissue carrying blood vessels, nerve cells, and nerve fibers. - Contains millions of photoreceptors that capture light rays and convert them into electrical impulses. -has photoreceptors like rods and cones.
RETINA
32
More abundant - cylindrical shaped - high sensitivity to light - function in night vision - low visual acuity - absent at the fovea
RODS
33
low sensitivity to light - responsible for colour vision - localized at fovea - Fewer in number - conical shaped
CONES
34
an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye - gives central vision; contains the fovea. Located temporal to the disc nerve.
MACULA
35
-center of the macula - area of keenest vision - when we fixate or look directly at An object, it is image on the fovea.
FOVEA
36
a.k.a Cranial Nerve II - Connects the eye to brain - Transmits electrical impulse from the retina to the brain - The point in the retina where the nerve fibers leave to form the optic nerve is called the optic disc or blind spot.
OPTIC NERVE
37
is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form optic nerve
OPTIC DISC/ OPTIC NERVE HEAD
38
Formed in the Ciliary body - Transparent liquid that occupies the space between the cornea, iris and crystalline lens. Main purpose is to maintain the normal pressure of the eye.
AQUEOUS HUMOR
39
Thick transparent, jelly-like substance that fills the center of the eye  Composed mainly of water and comprises about 2/3 of the eye’s volume, giving it form and shape  The viscous properties of the vitreous allow the eye to return to its normal shape if compressed
VITREOUS HUMOR
40
- are the protecting and supporting structures (adnexa) of the eye, including the eyebrow, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus.
OCULAR ADNEXA
41
A thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers and protects the sclera. - Secretes oils and mucous that moisten and lubricate the eye.
CONJUNCTIVA
42
Rows of fine hairs that protect the yes from the elements and debris.
EYELASHES
43
-prevents sweat, water and other debris from falling into the eye.
EYEBROWS
44
– produces tears whose functions is to maintain the moisture of the cornea
LACRIMAL GLAND
45
LACRIMAL DUCTS
– eliminate excess tears
46
TEAR FILM (TEAR PRODUCTION SYSTEM)
– keeps the eyes moist, creates a smooth surface for lights to pass through the eye, nourishes the front of the eye
47
TEAR FILM LAYERS
MUCOUS LAYER, WATER LAYER, OIL LAYER (SEBACEOUS LAYER)
48
-innermost -anchor for the tear film and helps it adhere to the eye.
MUCOUS LAYER
49
-middle
WATER LAYER
50
-outermost -prevent evaporation
OIL LAYER (SEBACEOUS LAYER)
51
-permit eye movements -6 muscles work in unison to move the eye
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE
52
left to right, up and down
RECTUS MUSCLES
53
rotate the eyes inward and onward
OBLIQUE MUSCLES
54
- painless compared to stye - red bump - also called meibomian cyst
CHALAZION
55
inflammation of the eyelids.
BLEPHARITIS
56
COMMON DISEASES IN THE CORNEA
KERATOCONUS KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA CONJUNCTIVITIS
57
the cornea gradually bulges outward into a cone shape. - A cone-shaped cornea causes blurred vision due to high astigmatism, and causes sensitivity to light and glare.
KERATOCONUS
58
Also known as “Dry Eyes” is dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea.
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA
59
-inflammation of the conjunctiva.
CONJUNCTIVITIS
60
DISEASES IN THE EYELID/LASHES
MADAROSIS TRIACHIASIS DISTICHIASIS STYE CHALAZION BLEPHARITIS
61
inflammation of the eyelids.
BLEPHARITIS
62
-painless compared to stye -red bump - also called meibomian cyst
CHALAZION
63
-also called HORDEOLUM - small, red, painful lump that grows on your lashes or under the eyelid.
STYE
64
-two rows of eyelashes.
DISTICHIASIS
65
- grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva.
TRIACHIASIS
66
-Loss of eyelashes and sometimes eyebrows.
MADAROSIS
67
PUPIL ABNORMALITIES
ANISOCORIA
68
A condition in which the pupil of one eye is different from the pupil of the other side.
ANISOCORIA
Intro To Opto
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