basic principles

Question 1

name a number of classic P450 inducers

Answer 1

quinidine
barbs,
st johns wart
phenytoin
rifampin 
griseovulvin
carbamezapine
chronic ETOH
croticosteroids

Question 2

name a number of inhibitors

Answer 2

HIV protease inhibitor (ritonavir)
isoniazid
sulfonamides
cimetidine
ketoconazole
grape fruit juice
omeprazole
chloremphenicol
macrolides

Question 3

what do neonates have reduced activity of

Answer 3

glucuronidation

Question 4

what do CYP450 require

Answer 4

oxygen for oxidation

Question 5

genetic variations in what give drug induced-SLE

Answer 5

slow acetylation!

Question 6

what path of metabolism does chloremphenicol use

Answer 6

glucuronidation thats why babies get gray baby

Question 7

what path of metabolism does hydralazine use

Answer 7

acetylation. this is why it can cause SLE

Question 8

what is the equation for loading dose

Answer 8

Vd X Cp/F

Question 9

what is the equation for maintenance dose

Answer 9

Cl X Cp/F

Question 10

what is the equation for Vd

Answer 10

dose/[drug]p

Question 11

what is the equation for the half-life

Answer 11

t1/2 = 0.7 X Vd/Cl

Question 12

what is the antidote for salicylate

Answer 12

sodium bicarbonate

Question 13

antidote for irreversible anticholinesterase

Answer 13

atropine and PAM-2

Question 14

anticholinergics antidote

Answer 14

physostigmine

Question 15

beta blockers antidote

Answer 15

glucagon

Question 16

digitalis antidote

Answer 16

digibind, electrolyte stabilize (k+), lidocaine and mg

Question 17

antidote for Iron

Answer 17

deferoxamine

Question 18

Lead antidote

Answer 18

ca-EDTA, dimercaperol, succimer, penicillamnine

Question 19

arsenic, gold, mercury

Answer 19

dimercaprol, succimer

Question 20

copper

Answer 20

penicillamine

Question 21

cyanide

Answer 21

nitrite, hydroxcobalamin, thiosulfate

Question 22

methemaglobin

Answer 22

methylene blue, vitamin C

Question 23

antidote for TCA

Answer 23

sodium bicarbonate

Question 24

tPA/sterptokinase antidote

Answer 24

aminocaproic acid

Question 25

theophylline antidote

Answer 25

beta-blockers

Question 26

what can cause atropine-like symptoms

Answer 26

TCA and antihistamines

Question 27

what causes dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 27

doxirubicin and daunorubcin

Question 28

what can cause coronary vasospasm

Answer 28

cocaine, sumatriptan

Question 29

cutaneous flushing

Answer 29

vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, ca-channel blockers,

Question 30

torsades

Answer 30

class III (sotalol) and class I (quinidine),

Question 31

what do we treat torsades

Answer 31

magnesium

Question 32

what drugs cause agranulocytosis

Answer 32

clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, PTU, methimazole, dapsone

Question 33

aplastic anemia

Answer 33

chloremphenacol, benzene, NSAIDs, felbamate, quinine, phenytoin

Question 34

gray baby

Answer 34

chlorempenicol

Question 35

G6PD hemolytic anemia

Answer 35

isoniazid, sulfa drugs, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin, primaquin

Question 36

megaloblastic anemia

Answer 36

methotrexate, sulfa drugs. phenytoin.

Question 37

thrombosis

Answer 37

contraceptives

Question 38

pumonary fibrosis

Answer 38

bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan

Question 39

hepatitis

Answer 39

isoniazid

Question 40

cholestatic hepatitis

Answer 40

macrolides (a and c)

Question 41

hepatic necrosis

Answer 41

halothane, valproic, acetaminophen,

Question 42

pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 42

clindomycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins

Question 43

pancreatitis

Answer 43

azothioprine, sulfonymides, valproic, corticosteroids, sulindac, tetracyclin,

Question 44

gynecomastia

Answer 44

spironolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, alcohol, estrogens, ketoconazole

Question 45

hypothyroidism

Answer 45

lithium, amiodarone

Question 46

gingival hyperplasia

Answer 46

phenytoin

Question 47

gout

Answer 47

furosemide, thiazides

Question 48

osteoporosis

Answer 48

corticosteroids, heparin

Question 49

photosensitivity

Answer 49

sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones

Question 50

SJS

Answer 50

sulfa drugs, penicillin, carbamazepine, allopurinol

Question 51

SLE

Answer 51

hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin

Question 52

tendon rupture

Answer 52

quinolones

Question 53

diabetes insipidus

Answer 53

lithium and domeclocyline

Question 54

seizures

Answer 54

bupropion (bulimics), imipenem, INH, penicillin at high doses

Question 55

parkinson-like syndrome

Answer 55

haloperidol, chlopromazine, reserpine, metoclopramide

Question 56

disulfiram reaction

Answer 56

metronidazole, procarbazine, sulfonylureas, cephalosporins.

Question 57

what are symptoms of sulfa allergy

Answer 57

pruritic rash, fever, SJS, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, uritcaria

Question 58

what drugs cause the sulfadrug allergy

Answer 58

sulfonamide antibiotics, TMP-SMX, acetazolamide, furosemide, thiazides, sulfasalazine, celecoxib, probenacid