What does the central nervous system (CNS) include?
brain and spinal cord
What does the somatic nervous system (voluntary) control?
muscle movement
Which nervous system of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary movement?
autonomic nervous system
What are common neurotransmitters?
-acetylcholine (ACh)
-epinepherine (Epi)
-norepinephrine (NE)
-dopamine (DA)
-serotonin (5-HT)
What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the somatic nervous system?
acetylcholine
What receptor in what muscle does acetylcholine bind to?
nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscles
What is a nickname for the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)?
“rest and digest” system
What neurotransmitter is released to bind to what receptor in the PSNS?
acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors
What does SLUDD stand for?
-salivation
-lacrimation
-urination
-defecation
-digestion
What is a nickname for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
“fight or flight” system
What neurotransmitter is released to bind to what receptor in the SNS?
epinephrine and norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors
What happens to the body when the SNS is activated?
increased blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and bronchodilation
What chemical reactions cause most drugs to be degraded?
-oxidation-reduction
-hydrolysis
-photolysis
What reaction causes a compound to lose electrons?
oxidation
What reaction causes a compound to gain electrons?
reduction
What molecular structure is most likely to be oxidized?
hydroxyl (-OH) group
What catalyzes oxidation?
-heat
-light
-metal ions
What methods can prevent oxidation?
-light protection
-temperature control
-antioxidants
