Basics

Question 1

Nominative case
1.

Answer 1

Subject of the sentence.

Question 2

Genitive case
1
2
3

Answer 2

1. Indicates possession - ‘the farmer’s’ house/the house ‘of the farmer’.
2. Partitive (part of a whole) - quid + genitive. (quid negoti est=what of business/what’s going on.
3. Of value - to express the value placed on something (homo nihili=the man of nothing/the worthless man).

Question 3

Accusative case
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 3

1. Object of a sentence.
2. Subject of an indirect statement.
3. The extent of space - (nec unum diem remoratus est=and he did not wait for one day)
4. Unit of time - (tria milia passuum processit=he advanced three mile)
5. Direction towards - (domum=homewards, Romam=to Rome)

Question 4

Dative case
1
2

Answer 4

trans. ‘for/to you’.
1. Advantage/disadvantage - indicates the person (or thing) for whose benefit or for whose advantage something is done. (Amīcō cēnam fēcimus. = We made dinner for our friend/Tibi dōna abstulit. = He took the gifts away from you.)
2. Indirect object - (‘Cui’ litterās scrībis?=’To whom’ are you writing a letter?)
3. Of possession - (est mihi aula=there is to me a pot/I have a pot)
4. Some verbs/adjectives take the dative - credo, pareo, impero/amicus, similis, dissimilis.
5. Of agent - with a gerundive. (Carmen est ‘puellae’ scrībendum. = A song must be written ‘by the girl’.)

Question 5

Ablative uses.

Answer 5

1. By means - of which an action is carried out. (By/with a sword).
2. Accompaniment - cum + abl - with.
3. Place where - with prep. in/sub etc. (Sēdeō in ‘sellā’ = I sit on ‘a chair’).
4. Place from - with prep. ab/eo etc. (Ab ‘Ītaliā’ veniō. = I am coming away from ‘Italy’).
5. Of manner - cum + abl.

Question 6

Ablative uses.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Answer 6

1. By means - of which an action is carried out. (By/with a sword).
2. Accompaniment - cum + abl - with.
3. Place where - with prep. in/sub etc. (Sēdeō in ‘sellā’ = I sit on ‘a chair’). nb. only for names of cities, towns, and islands small enough for only one city/town. No prep. (Romae - at Rome).
4. Place from - with prep. ab/eo etc. (Ab ‘Ītaliā’ veniō. = I am coming away from ‘Italy’).
5. Of manner - cum + abl. (With care).
6. Of time - At within, or on a time. (‘Tertiā hōrā’ veniō = I am coming at ‘the third hour’/’tribus diēbus’ victōria erit nostra = ‘Within three days’ victory will be ours).
7. Of comparison - (I am taller ‘than my sister’ = Altior sum ‘sorōre meā’).
8. Of agent - by whom, with ab/a.
9. Ablative absolute - will (almost) always involve a noun (or pronoun) in the ablative plus a participle in the ablative. (exercitū veniente = with the army coming (veniente = present participle active)).