Basics

Question 1

The science for studying classification

Answer 1

taxonomy

Question 2

taxonomy is further divided into three working groups

Answer 2

classification, identification, nomenclature

Question 3

taxonomic classification system

Answer 3

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 4

domains

Answer 4

archaea, bacteria, eukaryota

Question 5

• are prokaryotic, with no nuclear membrane, but with biochemistry and RNA markers that are distinct from bacteria.

Answer 5

domain archaea

Question 6

a domain that are considered some of the oldest species of organisms on Earth, most notably their diverse, exotic metabolisms

Answer 6

domain archaea

Question 7

Some examples of archaeal organisms

Answer 7

methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles

Question 8

an organism that produce the gas methane

Answer 8

methanogen

Question 9

organisms which live in very salty water

Answer 9

halophiles

Question 10

organisms that thrive in acidic high-temperature water

Answer 10

thermoacidophiles

Question 11

are prokaryotic; their domain consists of cells with bacterial rRNA, no nuclear membrane, and whose membranes possess primarily diacyl glycerol diester lipids.

Answer 11

domain bacteria

Question 12

photosynthesizing bacteria that are related to the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants and algae

Answer 12

cyanobacteria

Question 13

are organisms whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. They include many large single-celled organisms and all known non-microscopic organisms.

Answer 13

domain eukaryota

Question 14

transmission of traits

Answer 14

heredity

Question 15

differences in traits

Answer 15

variation

Question 16

• to visually represent the relationships among various groups of animals, scientists often use a type of branching diagram
• It shows how animals are related through evolution

Answer 16

phylogenetic tree

Question 17

kingdoms in the domain of Eukaryota

Answer 17

• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Animalia
• Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Kingdom Eubacteria

Question 18

predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae

Answer 18

plants

Question 19

Land plants are also known as

Answer 19

embryophyta

Question 20

Green plants are also known as

Answer 20

viridiphyta

Question 21

• commonly called seed-bearing plants
• produce special reproductive structures that are visible

Answer 21

phanerogams

Question 22

• commonly called spore-bearing plants
• they produce sexually by gametes but sex organs are concealed

Answer 22

cryptogams

Question 23

groups under cryptogam

Answer 23

• thallophyta (algae)
• bryophyta (mosses)
• pteridophyta (ferns)

Question 24

groups under algae

Answer 24

• chlorophyceae (green algae)
• phaeophyceae (brown algae)
• rhodophyceae (red algae)

Question 25

2 groups under bryophytes

Answer 25

- mosses - liverworts

Question 26

the only cryptogam with vascular tissues

Answer 26

pteridophyta (ferns)

Question 27

groups under phanerogam

Answer 27

- gymnosperms - angiosperms

Question 28

plants that bear naked seeds

Answer 28

gymnosperms

Question 29

plants that bear seeds inside fruits

Answer 29

angiosperms

Question 30

groups under angiosperms

Answer 30

monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Question 31

- eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms - the cell walls are made of chitin, not cellulose - absorb nutrients from other organisms

Answer 31

kingdom fungi

Question 32

- a group of eukaryotic, single-celled organisms - all eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi

Answer 32

kingdom Protista

Question 33

7 phyla of the kingdom Animalia

Answer 33

- porifera - cnidaria - platyhelminthes - annelida - mollusca - arthropoda - chordata

Question 34

- No body symmetry (asymmetrical) - No mouth or anus (have pores to facilitate the circulation of material) - May have silica or calcium carbonate based spicules for structural support - Examples include sea sponges

Answer 34

phylum porifera

Question 35

- Have radial symmetry - Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity) - May have tentacles with stinging cells for capturing and disabling prey - Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral

Answer 35

phylum cnidaria

Question 36

- Have bilateral symmetry - Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity) - Have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio and may be parasitic - Examples include tapeworms and planaria

Answer 36

phylum platyhelminthes

Question 37

- Have bilateral symmetry - Have a separate mouth and anus - Body composed of ringed segments with specialisation of segments - Examples include earthworms and leeches

Answer 37

phylum annelida

Question 38

- Have bilaterial symmetry - Have a separate mouth and anus - Body composed of a visceral mass, a muscular foot and a mantle (may produce shell) - Examples include snails, slugs, octopi, squid and bivalves (e.g. clams)

Answer 38

phylum mollusca

Question 39

- Have bilateral symmetry - Have a separate mouth and anus - Have jointed body sections/appendages and have a hard exoskeleton (chitin) - Examples include insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions and centipedes

Answer 39

phylum arthropoda

Question 40

- Have bilateral symmetry - Have a separate mouth and anus - Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal nerve tube for at least some period of their life cycle - Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish (also invertebrate sea squirts)

Answer 40

phylum chordata

Question 41

placing organisms within groups with members exhibiting similarities (structure, physiological or evolutionary relatedness).

Answer 41

classification

Question 42

assigning of scientific names to taxonomic groups in accordance with accepted rules.

Answer 42

nomenclature

Question 43

the evolutionary history of organisms through time.

Answer 43

systematics