Definition
Intention or recklessness as to the application of unlawful force
Actus Reus
Application of unlawful force
‘Slightest of touch’
Collins v Wilcock
Unlawful
Wood
Direct/touching
Thomas
Indirect
Martin/Haystead
Consent - ‘ordinary jostling of everyday life’
Wilson v Pringles
Mens Rea
Intention or recklessness
Factual causation
But for…(White)
Legal Causation - operating and substantial
Smith
Legal Causation - more than minimal
Kimsey
Transferred malice
same offence but moves from intended victim to actual victim (Church)
Think-skull
Take your victims as you find them (Blaue)
Coincidence
The AR and MR must coincide (Fagan)