BCI

Question 1

Define BCI

Answer 1

An artificial interface with the brain that bypass natural mechanisms for output and/or input and provodes feedback.

Question 2

Identify types of sensors used in BCI and recognize examples

Answer 2

1. Non-invasive:
   - Signal is weaker, dispersed by bone, skin, hair.
   - EEG, MEG, fMRI, fMIRS
2. Semi-invasive recording:
   - ECoG electrodes placed outside the dura mater (epidural) or under the dura mater (subdural)
3. Invasive:
   - Requires* craniotomy, signal is much stronger, accuracy can be mush higher, prone to scar tissue build up, sinal can weaken or fail over time.
   - Cortical implants recording sensor- utah array FDA approved.
   - neuropixels, multi-electrode array with hundreds of sensors along a single thin probe.
   -

Question 3

Describe applications of BCI systems

Answer 3

• control a myoelectric prothesis
• control assistive device
• ## control a speech synthesizer

Question 4

Discuss ethical issues relevant to BCI and link these issues to examples or research evidence

Answer 4

1. Cooperate accountability: what happens to a device after research study. who pays fro removal or maintance
2. User Safety: Complications from impaltn, unknown interactions with plasticity of developping brain, unknown effects of removal.
3. User burden, repetition to use it right
4. autonomy: may also produce incorrect or unwanted actions