Becker - Module 3

Question 1

On the balance sheet, marketable securities classified as trading or available-for-sale are valued…

Answer 1

at fair value

Question 2

On the balance sheet, marketable securities classified as held-to-maturity are valued…

Answer 2

at amortized cost

Question 3

How are unrealized gains/losses on trading securities recognized?

Answer 3

unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are recognized on the income statement

Question 4

How are unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities recognized?

Answer 4

unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are reported in other comprehensive income

note: under IFRS, foreign exchange gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are reported on the income statement

Question 5

List three conditions when losses on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale are recognized in income

Answer 5

1) sale of the security
2) transfer of the security to trading classification
3) other than temporary decline of individual security below cost (impairment)

Question 6

When a marketable equity security is transferred from trading to available-for-sale, or vice versa, at what cost is it transferred?

Answer 6

• transferred at fair value, which then becomes new basis
• for a security transferred into the trading category, the difference is treated as a realized gain or loss and is recognized on the income statement
• for a security transferred from the trading category, the unrealized holding gain or loss will already have been recognized in earnings.

note: transfers to and from the trading category should be rare.

Question 7

How are gains and losses on financial instruments that hedge trading securities reported?

Answer 7

Reported in earnings, consistent with reporting unrealized gains and losses on trading securities.

Question 8

How are gains and losses on financial instruments that hedge available-for-sale securities reported?

Answer 8

Reported in earnings together with the offsetting gains or losses on the available-for-sale securities attributable to the hedged risk.

Question 9

What disclosures should be made for available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities?

Answer 9

• aggregate fair value
• gross unrealized holding gains and losses
• amortized cost basis by type
• information about the contractual maturity of debt securities

Question 10

State the criteria to consolidate subsidiaries.

Answer 10

• Consolidate when the parent is able to control the subsidiary. Usually this is indicated by greater than 50% ownership of the voting stock of the subsidiary
• Do not consolidate when control is not with owners (as in bankruptcy of subsidiary)

Question 11

Identify the three levels of control and the appropriate accounting method for each.

Answer 11

1) No significant influence: cost method - trading or available-for-sale securities, at fair value
2) Significant influence but 50% or less ownership: equity method
3) Control: cost or equity method (internal accounting); consolidated financial statements (external reporting)

Question 12

How is the year-end “investment in investee” reported on the balance sheet calculated under the equity method?

Answer 12

Beginning investment in investee
\+ Investor's share of investee earnings
- Investor's share of investee dividends
- Amortization of FV difference
= Ending investment in investee

Question 13

How is an investor’s equity method investment reported on the income statement?

Answer 13

Investor’s share of investee earnings
- Amortization of FV differences
= Equity in earnings / investee income

Question 14

How are joint ventures accounted for under IFRS and US GAAP?

Answer 14

Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method under both US GAAP and IFRS

Question 15

In a step-by-step acquisition, what is the accounting treatment when significant influence is acquired?

Answer 15

• Going from the cost method to the equity method is handled like a change in accounting principle - retroactively
• Go back retroactively with the equity method but not with the new ownership percentage
• Prior period financial statements restated

Question 16

When are consolidated financial statements prepared?

Answer 16

When the parent company has control over the subsidiary company. Control is achieved when more than 50% of the voting stock of the subsidiary is owned directly or indirectly by the parent and no other factors are present that would indicate a lack of control (bankruptcy, reorganization)

Question 17

In Acquisition Accounting, state the consolidating workpaper elimination entry
[CARINBIG]

Answer 17

Dr. Common stock - Subsidiary
Dr. APIC - Subsidiary
Dr. Retained earnings - Subsidiary
Cr.         Investment in subsidiary
Cr.         Noncontrolling interest
Dr. Balance sheet adjustment to fair value
Dr. Identifiable intangible assets to fair value
Dr. Goodwill

Question 18

How are expenses relating to the combination treated under the acquisition method?

Answer 18

• Direct out-of-pocket costs are expensed
• Stock-related costs are a reduction in value of the stock issued (normally a debit to additional paid-in-capital)
• Indirect costs are expensed
• Bond issue costs are capitalized and amortized

Question 19

In an acquisition, how are acquired identifiable intangible assets amortized?

Answer 19

• Finite useful life: Amortized to residual value over expected useful life
• Indefinite useful life: Do not amortize

Question 20

How is goodwill calculated under US GAAP acquisition method?

Answer 20

US GAAP:

• Goodwill is the excess of the fair value of the subsidiary (acquisition cost plus noncontrolling interest) over the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets, including identifiable intangible assets at FV.
• Goodwill = Fair value of subsidiary - Fair value of subsidiary’s net assets
• Goodwill recorded in a business combination is not amortized. The entire investment is subject to the impairment test.

Question 21

How is goodwill calculated under the IFRS acquisition method?

Answer 21

IFRS:

• Goodwill is recognized using the full goodwill method (same as US GAAP) or the partial goodwill method
• Under the partial goodwill method, goodwill is the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets acquired.
• Partial goodwill = Acquisition cost - Fair value of subsidiary’s net assets acquired

Question 22

How is noncontrolling interest (balance sheet) calculated under US GAAP?

Answer 22

Noncontrolling Interest (NCI) = FV of subsidiary x NCI %

Question 23

How is the noncontrolling interest (balance sheet) calculated under IFRS?

Answer 23

IFRS permits the use of the full goodwill method or the partial goodwill method

Full Goodwill Method (same as US GAAP):
NCI = FV of subsidiary x NCI %

Partial Goodwill Method
NCI = FV of subsidiary’s net identifiable assets x NCI %

Question 24

How is noncontrolling interest on the income statement calculated?

Answer 24

Subsidiary net income
x Noncontrolling interest %
= NCI in net income

Question 25

In a business combination, what is the treatment of an acquisition in which the acquisition cost is less than the fair value of 100% of the net assets acquired?

Answer 25

The acquisition cost is allocated to the fair value of 100% of the balance sheet accounts and the fair value of 100% of the identifiable intangible assets. This creates a negative balance in the acquisition account, which is recorded as a gain.

Question 26

Name several pro forma workpaper elimination entries when producing consolidated financial statements

Answer 26

Eliminate: - The effects of intercompany dividends - Parent's investment in subsidiary account - The entire stockholder's equity section of the sub. - The effects of the gain or loss and adjust for the excess depreciation on the sale of property, plant and equipment between affiliates - All intercompany sales and purchases - All other intercompany balance sheet and income statement accounts - Intercompany profit in cost of goods sold, and in beginning and ending inventories relating to an intercompany sale of merchandise between affiliates Adjust: - Recognize noncontrolling interest - Adjust the balance sheet of the sub to fair value - Establish goodwill

Question 27

State the workpaper elimination entry for intercompany inventory transactions

Answer 27

``` Dr. Retained earnings Dr. Inventory sales Cr. Intercompany cost of goods sold Cr. Cost of goods sold Cr. Ending inventory ```

Question 28

State the workpaper elimination entry for intercompany bond transactions

Answer 28

Dr. Bonds payable Dr. Premium (or credit discount) Cr. Investment in affiliates bonds Cr. Gain on extinguishment of bonds (or debit loss on extinguishment of bonds)

Question 29

State the workpaper elimination entry for intercompany land transactions

Answer 29

Dr. Intercompany gain on sale of land | Cr. Land

Question 30

State the workpaper elimination entry for intercompany depreciable assets transactions

Answer 30

Elimination entry 1 - eliminate intercompany gain and adjust asset and accumulated depreciation to original amounts: Dr. Intercompany gain on sale of machinery Cr. Machinery Cr. Accumulated depreciation Elimination entry 2 - eliminate excess depreciation: Dr. Accumulated depreciation Cr. Depreciation expense

Question 31

When are combined financial statements prepared?

Answer 31

- Companies are under common control - Companies are under common management - Unconsolidated subsidiaries are combined

Question 32

When preparing combined financial statements, identify the requirements

Answer 32

- Intercompany transactions and balances among these companies are eliminated. - Noncontrolling interests treated like consolidated financial statements. - Capital stock and retained earnings are added across, not eliminated. - Income statements are added across.

Question 33

Describe push down accounting

Answer 33

Reports assets and liabilities at fair value in separate financial statements of subsidiary. In effect, consolidation adjustments are "pushed down" into the records. - Assets and liabilities are adjusted to fair market value at date of acquisition - Retained earnings of the subsidiary are transferred to paid-in capital - Net income of each subsidiary includes depreciation, amortization, and interest expense based on fair values rather than historical cost. - The SEC requires push down accounting for each "substantially wholly owned subsidiary"