True or false: A reinforcer is a stimulus change following a response
true
True or false: a reinforcer is a stimulus change that immediately evokes a response
false
True or false: an assessment to identify the potential reinforcers is necessary during behavioral interventions
true
When should a practitioner deliver an immediate reinforcer?
during skill acquisition
How should a practitioner provide a reinforcer for a skill that has been established?
Unpredictable intermittent, and possibly delayed, reinforcement.
What elements should a practitioner pay attention to when using reinforcement, regardless of positive or negative reinforcement?
learner motivation, frequency of the reinforcement, and the quantity or the intensity of the reinforcer
What does stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures require?
- presenting the neutral stimulus immediately before the known reinforcer
- delivering the known reinforcer halfway through the neutral stimulus presentation
- simultaneous delivery of two stimuli
Assuming a learner does not find social praise reinforcing, which of the following steps are required during the observational conditioning to establish praise as a reinforcer?
- have the learner observe the peer receiving praise
- deliver social praise to the learner’s peer when the peer completes a task
- the learner’s peer shows that they emjoy the praise
- block the learner from interacting with the peer
What are the required steps during discrimination training to establish a neutral stimulus as a conditioned reinforcer?
- providing the reinforcer for the resonse only when the neutral stimulus is present
- establish a resonse that procedures a known reinforcer
- frequent training with a gradual increases in the interval between trials
What elements should be included in an intervention goal?
- the name of the individual
- the criteria
- the target behavior
- the condition
What are the necessary elements when selecting and recommending intervention?
- select interventions that are behaviorally based
- conduct an analysis of interventino proficiency and provide training for the implementer if necessary
- adjust the intervention based on the environmental factors and client preference and value
- consider the risks of implementing the procedures for the client and stakeholders
- consider the contrainsts that may prohibit accurate intervention
- review the exisiting evidence against the experimental design guidelines
- consider client preference and community values of the potential interventions
What must be included to ensure a successful extinction procedure?
- conduct data collection to evaluate if the procedure indeed results in a decrease in behavior
- use an assessment to identify the reinforcer that maintains the problem behavior
What behaviors are likely to occur during extinction?
- initial increase in responding frequency
- novel problem behaviors may emerge
- crying and aggressive acts
- initial increase in responding magnitude
What plans should be included in an extinction procedure?
- provide reinforcers (preferably maintaining the behavior) either independent of behavior or contingent on appropriate behavior
- make stakeholders aware of the side effects of extinction
- treatment integrity plan with continuous monitoring & feedback
What is required for verbal instructions to be effective?
- attending skills should be taught first if the learner does not already attend to the instruction
- learner can arrange their own verbal instructions such as an activity schedule to promote independence
- the learner must have the skills to respond to verbal instructions
