Behavioral Sciences

Question 1

3 Neurons of the Nervous System

Answer 1

1. motor, efferent
2. interneurons
3. sensory, afferent

Question 2

Which Neuron Type is the Most Abundant ?

Answer 2

interneurons

Question 3

2 Branches of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 3

1. parasympathetic branch
2. sympathetic branch

Question 4

Function of the Parasympathetic Branch

Answer 4

rest and digest

Question 5

Function of the Sympathetic Branch

Answer 5

fight or flight

Question 6

4 Functions of the Parasympathetic Branch

Answer 6

1. constricts pupils, bronchi
2. stimulate saliva flow, peristalsis, bile release
3. decrease HR
4. contract bladder

Question 7

7 Functions of the Sympathetic Branch

Answer 7

1. inhibit digestion, bladder contraction
2. increase HR
3. relax bronchi
4. dilate pupils
5. piloerection or sweating
6. stimulate orgasm, glucose production/release
7. secrete nor/adrenaline

Question 8

3 Brain Regions

Answer 8

1. hindbrain
2. midbrain
3. forebrain

Question 9

3 Features of the Hindbrain

Answer 9

1. cerebellum
2. medulla oblongata
3. reticular formation

Question 10

2 Features of the Midbrain

Answer 10

1. superior colliculus
2. inferior colliculus

Question 11

5 Features of the Forebrain

Answer 11

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. basal ganglia
4. limbic system
5. cerebral cortex {4 lobes}

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

relay station for sensory information

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

maintains homeostasis

Question 14

The Hypothalamus Integrates with what to Maintain Homeostasis ?

Answer 14

with endo system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects to the anterior pituitary

Question 15

Basal Ganglia

Answer 15

smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability

Question 16

Limbic System

Answer 16

controls emotion/memory

Question 17

4 Features of the Limbic System

Answer 17

1. septal nuclei - pleasure-seeking
2. amygdala - fear/aggression
3. hippocampus - memory
4. fornix - communication within the limbic system

Question 18

The Cerebral Cortex has what Features ?

Answer 18

has 4 lobes
1. frontal lobe
2. parietal lobe
3. occipital lobe
4. temporal lobe

Question 19

5 Functions of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 19

1. executive function
2. impulse control
3. long-term planning {prefrontal cortex}
4. motor function {primary motor cortex}
5. speech production {Broca’s area}

Question 20

2 Functions of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 20

1. sensation of touch, pressure, temp, pain {somatosensory cortex}
2. spatial processing, orientation and manipulation

Question 21

Occipital Lobe

Answer 21

visual processing

Question 22

3 Functions of the Temporal Lobe

Answer 22

1. speech perception {Wernicke’s area}
2. sound processing {auditory cortex}
3. emotion/memory {limbic system}

Question 23

6 Methods of Mapping the Brain

Answer 23

1. CT
2. PET
3. MRI
4. fMRI
5. rCBF
6. EEG

Question 24

3 Functions of Acetylcholine

Answer 24

1. voluntary muscle control
2. parasympathetic branch
3. attention/alertness

Question 25

2 Functions of Epi/Norepinephrine

Answer 25

1. fight or flight responses 2. wakefulness/alertness

Question 26

2 Functions of Dopamine

Answer 26

1. smooth movements 2. postural stability

Question 27

4 Functions of Serotonin

Answer 27

1. mood 2. sleep 3. eating 4. dreaming

Question 28

GABA, Glycine

Answer 28

brain stabilization

Question 29

Glutamate

Answer 29

brain excitation

Question 30

Endorphins

Answer 30

natural painkillers

Question 31

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 31

nature is genetics influencing behavior while nurture is environment influencing behavior

Question 32

3 Ways Nature vs Nurture is Studied

Answer 32

1. family studies 2. twin studies 3. adoption studies

Question 33

Sensation

Answer 33

the conversion of physical stimuli into neurological signals

Question 34

Perception

Answer 34

the processing of sensory information

Question 35

What is the Function of Sensory Receptors ?

Answer 35

respond to stimuli and trigger action potentials

Question 36

Where do Sensory Neurons Transmit Information ?

Answer 36

transmit info from the receptors to the CNS

Question 37

Where are Sensory Stimuli Transmitted ?

Answer 37

to projection areas in the brain

Question 38

Threshold

Answer 38

minimum stimulus required to cause action potential

Question 39

JND

Answer 39

minimum change required to perceive 2 different stimuli

Question 40

Weber's Law

Answer 40

the JND between 2 stimuli is a function of the magnitude of the original stimulus

Question 41

Signal Detection Theory

Answer 41

studies the effects of non sensory factors on perception of stimuli

Question 42

3 Non sensory Factors used in Signal Detection Theory

Answer 42

1. experiencies 2. motives 3. expectations

Question 43

How is the Response Bias Examined ?

Answer 43

using signal detection experiments

Question 44

How many Outcomes are Included in the Response Bias ?

Answer 44

4 outcomes

Question 45

4 Outcomes of the Response Bias

Answer 45

1. hits 2. misses 3. false alarms 4. correct negatives

Question 46

Vision

Answer 46

the eye detects light in the form of photons

Question 47

7 Steps to the Visual Pathway

Answer 47

1. retina 2. optic nerve 3. optic chiasm 4. optic tracts 5. LGN of thalamus 6. visual radiations 7. visual cortex

Question 48

Cochlea

Answer 48

detects sound

Question 49

Saccule/Utricle

Answer 49

detect linear acceleration

Question 50

Semicircular Canals

Answer 50

detect rotational acceleration

Question 51

4 Steps to the Auditory Pathway

Answer 51

1. cochlea 2. vestibulocochlear nerve 3. MGN of thalamus 4. auditory cortex