BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH

Question 1

● What increases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated?

Answer 1

Reinforcement

Question 2

▲ How do associations develop in classical conditioning?

Answer 2

Through repeated pairing of stimuli

Question 3

✪ Why might environmental explanations reduce personal responsibility?

Answer 3

Behaviour is seen as controlled by external learning

Question 4

✪ Why might behaviourism be criticised for being reductionist?

Answer 4

It reduces behaviour to stimulus‑response learning

Question 5

✪ How does the two‑process model explain phobias?

Answer 5

A phobia is acquired through association and maintained through negative reinforcement

Question 6

● What does the behaviourist approach say humans are born as?

Answer 6

A blank slate

Question 7

● What decreases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated?

Answer 7

Punishment

Question 8

✪ Why is the behaviourist approach criticised for environmental determinism?

Answer 8

It claims behaviour is controlled by external factors such as learning

Question 9

● What does UCR stand for?

Answer 9

Unconditioned response

Question 10

● What environments are used in behaviourist research?

Answer 10

Controlled environments

Question 11

▲ How does operant conditioning explain behaviour change?

Answer 11

Behaviour is influenced by rewards, reinforcements and punishment

Question 12

▲ How does punishment influence behaviour?

Answer 12

It decreases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated

Question 13

▲ Why did Skinner use rats in his research?

Answer 13

To test learning through consequences

Question 14

▲ How does negative reinforcement affect behaviour?

Answer 14

It increases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated

Question 15

✪ Why might behaviourism oversimplify human behaviour?

Answer 15

It explains behaviour only through learning from the environment

Question 16

▲ Why can behaviour be unlearnt according to behaviourists?

Answer 16

Because behaviour is learnt from the environment

Question 17

● According to behaviourists, behaviour is learnt from what?

Answer 17

The environment

Question 18

● Who developed operant conditioning?

Answer 18

B.F Skinner

Question 19

✪ How could environmental determinism affect therapy implications?

Answer 19

Individuals may feel behaviour is outside their control

Question 20

▲ Why does the neutral stimulus initially produce no response?

Answer 20

It has not yet been associated with the UCS

Question 21

▲ How does classical conditioning begin before learning?

Answer 21

A UCS naturally produces a UCR

Question 22

● What type of techniques are used in behaviourist research?

Answer 22

Objective techniques

Question 23

▲ How does positive reinforcement affect behaviour?

Answer 23

It encourages behaviour to be repeated

Question 24

● Who developed the Behaviourist approach?

Answer 24

John B. Watson

Question 25

▲ What happens when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a UCS?

Answer 25

The individual learns to associate the stimuli

Question 26

● What does UCS stand for?

Answer 26

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 27

▲ How does the behaviourist approach explain phobias?

Answer 27

Through associations between stimulus and fear response

Question 28

▲ Why are reinforced behaviours repeated more often?

Answer 28

Reinforcement increases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated

Question 29

✪ Why is environmental determinism considered a limitation?

Answer 29

It ignores personal choice in behaviour

Question 30

✪ Why might punishment not fully explain behaviour change?

Answer 30

Other factors like choice may influence behaviour

Question 31

✪ Why might the behaviourist approach be criticised for ignoring internal processes?

Answer 31

It focuses only on observable behaviour

Question 32

✪ How does environmental determinism limit the behaviourist explanation of behaviour?

Answer 32

It neglects the role of free will and choice

Question 33

✪ How does reinforcement maintain behaviour according to behaviourism?

Answer 33

Reinforcement increases repetition of behaviour

Question 34

● Operant conditioning explains behaviour learnt through what?

Answer 34

Consequences

Question 35

✪ Why might individuals feel they have no control over behaviour according to behaviourism?

Answer 35

Behaviour is influenced by external factors

Question 36

● Who developed classical conditioning?

Answer 36

Ivan Pavlov

Question 37

● What does classical conditioning explain?

Answer 37

How behaviour is learnt through associations

Question 38

✪ How does focusing only on observable behaviour limit explanation?

Answer 38

Internal mental processes are ignored

Question 39

▲ Why might someone continue picking up litter for money?

Answer 39

Receiving a reward encourages the behaviour

Question 40

▲ How does classical conditioning explain behaviour?

Answer 40

Behaviour is learnt through associations between stimuli and responses

Question 41

▲ Why is the behaviourist approach considered scientific?

Answer 41

It uses objective techniques and controlled environments

Question 42

● What does NS stand for?

Answer 42

Neutral stimulus

Question 43

✪ Why is the concept of free will important when evaluating behaviourism?

Answer 43

It suggests individuals can choose their behaviour

Question 44

● What does the behaviourist approach investigate?

Answer 44

Observable behaviour

Question 45

✪ Why might human behaviour be more complex than behaviourism suggests?

Answer 45

It may involve internal thoughts and choices