What does “Specified in advance” mean?
The benchmark is defined before the evaluation period starts.
Appropriate” means…
The benchmark is consistent with the manager’s style/mandate.
Measurable means…
You can compute benchmark returns frequently and on time
“Unambiguous” means…
The benchmark’s constituents and weights are clearly known.
“Reflective of current investment opinions” means…
The manager understands—and could form views on—the benchmark’s securities/factors; no obscure assets.
“Accountable” means…
The manager accepts responsibility to be judged against the benchmark.
“Investable” means…
A passive exposure to the benchmark is feasible at low cost.
Selecting a benchmark
Qualities of Benchmark