Benchmark Study Guide 4

Question 1

Avulsion

Answer 1

An injury in which soft tissue is torn, completely loose or hanging as a flap

Question 2

Burns

Answer 2

Injuries in which soft tissue damage occurs as it a result of thermal heat, friction, heat toxic chemicals, electricity or nuclear radiation

Question 3

Closed injuries

Answer 3

Injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane, but the surface of the skin remains intact

Question 4

Compartment syndrome

Answer 4

Swelling and confined spaces that produces dangerous pressure may cut off blood flow or severe damage to sensitive tissue

Question 5

Crush syndrome

Answer 5

Significant metabolic dearrangement that develops when a crushed extremity or body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods, this can lead to renal failure and death

Question 6

Crushing injury

Answer 6

An injury that occurs when a great amount of force is applied on the body

Question 7

Ecchymosis

Answer 7

Discoloration associated with a closed wound signifying bleeding

Question 8

Evisceration

Answer 8

The displacement of an organ outside the body

Question 9

Excited delirium

Answer 9

A serious behavioral condition in which a person exhibits agitated behavior combined with disorientation hallucinations or delusions also called aggravated delirium or exhaustive mania

Question 10

Hematoma

Answer 10

Blood collected within the body’s tissue or in a body cavity

Question 11

Laceration

Answer 11

A deep jagged cut in the skin

Question 12

Occlusive dressings

Answer 12

Dressings made of petroleum gauze, aluminum foil or plastic that prevents air or liquid from entering or exiting a wound

Question 13

Open injuries

Answer 13

Injuries in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination

Question 14

Rule of nines

Answer 14

A system that assigns a percentage to each section of the body allowing calculation of the amount of surface skin involved in a burn area

Question 15

Scald burn

Answer 15

Burn involving hot liquids

Question 16

Thermal Burns

Answer 16

Burns caused by heat

Question 17

cardiac tamponade

Answer 17

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Question 18

closed chest injury

Answer 18

An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt trauma.

Question 19

commotio cordis

Answer 19

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat.

Question 20

crepitus

Answer 20

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together.

Question 21

flail chest

Answer 21

A condition in which two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage.

Question 22

flutter valve

Answer 22

A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return; formed by taping three sides of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve; may also be part of a commercial vented occlusive dressing.

Question 23

hemopneumothorax

Answer 23

The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest.

Question 24

hemothorax

Answer 24

A collection of blood in the pleural cavity.

Question 25

myocardial contusion

Answer 25

Bruising of the heart muscle.

Question 26

occlusive dressing

Answer 26

An airtight dressing that protects a wound from air and bacteria; a commercial vented version allows air to passively escape from the chest, while an unvented dressing may be made of petrolatum gauze, aluminum foil, or plastic.

Question 27

open chest injury

Answer 27

An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife.

Question 28

open pneumothorax

Answer 28

An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; also referred to as a sucking chest wound.

Question 29

paradoxical motion

Answer 29

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest: the motion in during inhalation, out during exhalation is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing.

Question 30

pericardium

Answer 30

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart.

Question 31

pneumothorax

Answer 31

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.

Question 32

pulmonary contusion

Answer 32

Injury or bruising of lung tissue that results in hemorrhage.

Question 33

simple pneumothorax

Answer 33

Any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not cause drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient.

Question 34

spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 34

A pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space.

Question 35

sucking chest wound

Answer 35

An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound; see also open pneumothorax.

Question 36

tachypnea

Answer 36

Rapid respirations.

Question 37

tension pneumothorax

Answer 37

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results.

Question 38

traumatic asphyxia

Answer 38

A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck.

Question 39

vented chest seal

Answer 39

An occlusive dressing designed to allow air to escape through the dressing but not be drawn back in.

Question 40

What's in the RUQ

Answer 40

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Question 41

What's in the LUQ

Answer 41

Stomach and spleen

Question 42

What's in the RLQ

Answer 42

Large and small intestine, appendix, ovaries and uterus

Question 43

What is in the LLQ

Answer 43

Descending colon, left transverse colon

Question 44

Flank

Answer 44

Region below the rib cage and above the hip

Question 45

Hematura

Answer 45

Blood in the urine

Question 46

Melena

Answer 46

Black tarry stool

Question 47

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 47

The abdominal cavity

Question 48

Peritoneum

Answer 48

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs

Question 49

Mesentery

Answer 49

Refers to any fold of tissue that attaches an organ to the body wall

Question 50

Referred pain

Answer 50

Pain to the right shoulder is a common finding with liver, laceration or damage

Question 51

Ischemia

Answer 51

Irritation from lack of oxygen

Question 52

Infarction

Answer 52

cell death