bible notes part 1

Question 1

what does the male reproductive system actually consist of

Answer 1

• pair of testes contained in scrotum
• penis
• ducts
• accessory glands

Question 2

where actually are the seminiferous tubules

Answer 2

testis

Question 3

what do seminiferous tubules actually do

Answer 3

undergo sperm formation and throughout the process the sperm move towards the lumen

Question 4

what happens when spermatozoa reaches the lumen

Answer 4

move through tubule and collect in vasa efferntia

Question 5

what is the vasa efferentia

Answer 5

coiled tubues that carry sperm to the head of the epidydmis

Question 6

what happens to spermatozoa in the vasa efferentia

Answer 6

stays there while they become motile and then pass into vas deferens during ejaculation

Question 7

where does the vas deferens carry sperm from and to

Answer 7

from = epididymis
to = the penis

Question 8

what happens in the vas deferens

Answer 8

seminal vesicles secrete mucus

Question 9

what is the mucus which is mixed in from the seminal vesicle

Answer 9

mucus contains mixture of chemicals including fructose

Question 10

what does prostate gland secrete

Answer 10

zinc-containing prostate fluid

Question 11

why is the secretions of accessory glands required

Answer 11

maintain sperm mobility
provide nutrients
neutralise acidity of urine in urethra
neutralise vaginal tract acidity

Question 12

what actually comes out of the prostate gland

Answer 12

semen

Question 13

what is semen

Answer 13

mixture of spermatozoa, seminal and prostate fluid

Question 14

how do oocyte mature

Answer 14

in follicles

Question 15

where do follicles come from

Answer 15

germinal epithilium

Question 16

where do mature follicles migrate too

Answer 16

surface of ovary where secondary oocyte is released at ovulation

Question 17

how many layers does the uterus have

Answer 17

3

Question 18

what are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 18

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

Question 19

what is the perimetrium

Answer 19

thin layer around the outside

Question 20

what is the myometrium

Answer 20

muscle layer

Question 21

what is the endometrium

Answer 21

innermost layer - mucous membrane and is well supplied with blood

Question 22

where does the embryo implant

Answer 22

in endometrium

Question 23

what is the cervix made of

Answer 23

narrow ring of connective tissue and muscle

Question 24

what does the uterus open up to

Answer 24

into vagina through the cervix

Question 25

where does the vagina open at

Answer 25

the vulva

Question 26

how can you tell what stage of the month in histological examination of ts ovary

Answer 26

if theres a empty area its the antrum of a mature graafian follcile

Question 27

what is the defenition of gametogenesis

Answer 27

production of gametes in the sex organs is gametogenesis

Question 28

spermatogenesis defenition

Answer 28

formation of sperm in the testis

Question 29

oogenesis defenition

Answer 29

formation of secondary oocytes in the ovary

Question 30

why is it important that the gametes are haploid

Answer 30

so that at fertalisation diploid nmber is restored and chromosome number does not double in every generation

Question 31

how long ish does sperm production take

Answer 31

about 70 days

Question 32

how many labels are there for spermatogensis

Answer 32

6

Question 33

labels for spermatogenesis

Answer 33

germinal epithelium spermatogonia primary spermatocytes secondary spermatocytes spermatids spermatozoa

Question 34

1st step of spermatogenesis - germinal epithelium

Answer 34

germinal epithelium are diploid - divide by mitosis to make diploid spermatogonia

Question 35

2nd step of spermatogenesis - spermatogonia

Answer 35

spermatogonia divide many times by mitosis and enlarge making diploid primary spermatocytes

Question 36

3rd step of spermatogenesis - primary spermatocytes

Answer 36

primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 1 making secondary spermatocytes which are haploid

Question 37

4th step of spermatogenesis - secondary spermatocytes

Answer 37

undergo meiosis 2 making haploid spermatids

Question 38

5th step of spermatogenesis - spermatids

Answer 38

spermatids mature into spermatozoa

Question 39

whats in the head of the sperm

Answer 39

haploid nucleus with acrosome

Question 40

what type of mol is the acrosome

Answer 40

lysosome

Question 41

whats actually in the acrosome

Answer 41

contains enzymes used at fertilisation

Question 42

whats in the middle of sperm

Answer 42

packed with mitochondria which provide atp for movement

Question 43

whats the point of the tail in the sperm

Answer 43

make lashing movements to move the sperm

Question 44

when do the sperm become motile

Answer 44

after being modified in the epididymis

Question 45

stage 1 of oogenesis - germinal epithelium

Answer 45

germinal epithelium divide by mitosis to make diploid oogonia

Question 46

stage 2 of oogenesis - oogonia

Answer 46

oogonia divie many times by mitosis and enlarge making diploid primary oocytes and a polar body

Question 47

stage 3 of oogenesis - primary oocytes

Answer 47

primary oocytes - STOPS HERE BEFORE BIRTH goes through meiosis 1 to form haploid secondary oocyte and polar body

Question 48

stage 4 of oogenesis - secondary oocyte

Answer 48

secondary oocyte goes through meiosis II to form ovum (haploid)

Question 49

what happens to the graafian follicle after ovulation

Answer 49

becomes the corpus body

Question 50

whats the point of the corpus body

Answer 50

if fertilisation occurs it produces hormones but otherwise it regresses

Question 51

what the thing which surrounds the cell membrane of secondary oocyte

Answer 51

clear glycoprotein layer called zona pellucida

Question 52

whats in the periphery of cytoplasm

Answer 52

cortical granules

Question 53

whats the point of cortical granules

Answer 53

secretory organelles prevent the entry of more than one sperm

Question 54

what cells surrounds the secondary oocyte

Answer 54

surround the secondary oocyte and provide nucleus