What kind of areas do exist in CH?
- Metropolican zones (Urban, Suburban, Periurban)
- Grid Cities (Netzstadt)
- Rural areas / Quiet zones
- Touristic areas
- Brachen (where you can’t build)
On 6 - 7 % you’re allowed to build in CH
Where does Development Take place?
- Where there is room
- Where it is worthwhile
- Where it is allowed
- Where it is possible to go
- Where it does make sense
-> in zoned area
-> in economically attractive places
-> Where still undeveloped or demoded
-> Along the mobility axes
-> There, where everyone wants to go
What Development Zones do exist?
Countires: Greece, Curacao
Region: Silicon Valley
Locations: Glattpark
District: Tribschenstadt Luzern
Neighbourhood: Zurich West, GreenCity.Zurich
Areas: Papieri Cham, EbiSquare
What Economic Driver do exist?
- Taxes
- Land prices
- Building-costs
- Wages
- Basket of goods
How big is the entire Swiss building zone?
approx 200’000 ha
2’000km2
How big is the current amount of Swiss building land reserves within building zones?
18’000-41’000ha
What does the new RPG say? (Raumplanungsgesetz)
- not more than 6% is possible to put buildlings on
- RPG limits the re-zoning possibilities
How many squaremeter does one need?
50 for living
20 for work
30 for everything else
= 100 in total
Urban density: How many people per hectar do have place?
200 people per hectar
1 hectar = 10’000m2
For how many residents are the existing construction zones sufficient?
Why does the outer ring has less potential? such as Appenzell
for 11 mio. residents = 2.85 million residents + 2.1 million employees aditional
1.55m on still undeveloped building land
1.3m in already populated areas
- farm land is not zoned in, there is nothing available
Vertical densification: What good aspects do exist?
- densification increases productivity and is sustainable (Houston consumes 8x more energy than London - with the same population)
- 40 largest metropolitan region generate 67% of global economic growth (75% of the world’s population will live in megacities in 30 years
- Skyscrapers are increasingly being planned as mixed use complexes
What is the problem of densification of neighborhoods?
- cost of retroactive densification is often glossed over (verschönigt)
- legal issues and disputes with neighbors and tenants are inevitable (unvermeidlich)
- state wants to skim-off profit
-> densification is often no longer worthwhile
does a “correct” density exist?
No. rather, there may exist appropriate density for a particular place, user, and time
Densification: What does the Swiss family want?
- 71% want to live on the outskirts of the city
- short distances to work
- 3/4 enjoy a view from their home
- unobstructed views of lake and mountains are priority
- one family house most popular
- 46% of responders do not live in a EFH due to financial reasons
What is on top of the wish-list of CH people?
- happiness
- comfort
- affordability
- clean environment
- satisfying work
- connectivity
- proximity
What location and ideal settlement distribution does according to Christaller exist?
Primary Node (metropolican area)
Secondary Node
Teritary Node
What can you find on the
- settlement
- traffic
- green
spaces?
Settlement space:
- metropolitan region
- region
- location
- neighbourhood
- area
- object
Traffic space:
- airplane/ ship
- Highway/ train
- cantonal road/ S-Bahn
- Neighborhood-streets/ Bus/ Tram
- Biking Trails/ Footpaths/ Elevator/ Escalator
Green space:
- Nature, experience tension + relaxation
- recreational space
What is important about Public Transport (PT) and Motorized Individual Transport (MIT)?
- Mobility is needed to be economically sustainable
- MIT and public transport are not antagonists, but part of the overall mobility system
- Both need finite resource: energy, time, space
What are the fundamentals of a 15-Minutes City?
- ecology
- proximity
- solidarity (gender, gragile people, old & young, rich & poor, local & foreign)
- Participation (PPP Puplic private partnership, citizens involvement)
- Urban common ground (public space, parks, playgrounds, wellness & fitness)
What is the 2000-watt society?
- developed as a vision in the late 1990
- official development model of numerous Swiss cities and munipalities
- energy needs
- greenhouse gases
- imbedded energy
- induced mobility
Initial situation:
- where everyone wants to go, there is no room left
- nobody wants to go where there’s room
What is their strategy?
- inward densification of locations in seller markets
- attractiveness of locations in buyer’s markets
2000-Watt Site: some facts
- fallow building plots are suited to become 2000-Watt sites
- around 1000 such areas in CH
- very often industrial areas where production was abandoned
- high densification potential
- in future areas of more than 10’000m2 to be developed must be planned, constructed and used in accordance with the 2000-Watt Society and the SIA 2040 efficiency path
What are 2000-Watt Smart cities?
- cities that manage to reduce their non-renewable energy demand to 2000W per person by 2035 thanks to smart technology. This will enable them to become Net Zero Cities by 2050
What is the most efficient form for a city?
Hexagon
