2 structural feature found in plant cell and not animal cell.
Permanent vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast.
2 structural features found in animal cell and not plant cell
cilia, centriole
Cellular differentiation
A cell becomes specialized when it’s structure is altered. This cell enables a cell to perform a particular function.
Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Example: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria.
Eukaryotic cell
EUKARYOTIC CELLS (PLANT & ANIMAL CELL they have a True nucleus, Membrane-bound organelles.
why is plasmids imp if its not essential for survival?
carry special genes, imp for genetic engineering.
Electron microscope
uses electron beams for high resolution and magnification.
Light microscope
It uses visible light and glass lenses for lower magnification.
cons of light microscope
Limited resolution, low magnification
pros of light microscope
cheap, produces colored images, doesn’t needs specimens to be alive
Pros of electron microscope
gives 3D image , detailed view.
Cons of electron microscope
Expensive, specimens need to be dead, training and skill needed, complex staining required, 500000 magnification.
Magnification
how much larger and image is.
Resolution
How much clearer an image is.
( PN tripple M)
pico m, naco m, micro m, milli m, metre. big to small= x 1000. small to big= divided by 1000
what happens to zona pellucida after fertilization?
After fertilisation, the zona pellucida hardens due to the cortical reaction, preventing other sperm from entering. Later it breaks down so the embryo can implant in the uterus.
why is there lysosome in nutrophil?
Neutrophils surround and swallow the pathogen. Lysosomes then join with it and release enzymes that break the pathogen down and kill it.
why heart is called organ
its made up of tissues, and performs a particular function.
Identify the type of dietary nutrient that may contribute to the development
of fatty plaques in the walls of arteries.
saturated fats
Chloroplast is a type of ——-found in plant cell
organelle
what are the two structures inside mitochondria and chloroplast that helps chemical reactions to take place?
Large S.A, Folded membranes, Fluid filled space, Ribosomes, enzymes.
Describe two features of Gram‐positive bacterial cell walls that cause the bacteria
to appear violet/purple.
Gram-positive bacteria have a very thick peptidoglycan cell wall, which traps the crystal violet dye during Gram staining. and, Without an outer lipid membrane, the crystal violet–iodine complex is not washed out during the alcohol wash, so the cells remain violet/purple.
What do ciliated cells do?
It traps sticky mucus produced by nearby goblet cells, it sweeps the mucus towards the throat (making Mexican wave), Then it moves the mucus up to the throat where its swallowed and is eliminated by stomach acids.
Goblet cells
Specialized cells that secrete mucus
