Bio Exam 3

Question 1

Which of these land plant lineages don’t have specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients?

Answer 1

• nonvascular plants
  -green algae

Question 2

Which of these land plant lineages don’t require water for reproduction?

Answer 2

• angiosperms
• gymnosperms

Question 3

Gymnosperms were the first land plants to have which reproductive structures?

Answer 3

Pollen

Question 4

Identify which of the following evolutionary novelties arose in protist lineages.

Answer 4

• flagella
• ingestion of food
• sexual reproduction
• photosynthesis

Question 5

All protists are…?

Answer 5

eukaryotic

Question 6

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably…?

Answer 6

green algae

Question 7

Which of the following is a synapomorphy that defines all green algae and land plants?

Answer 7

chloroplasts from primary endosymbiosis

Question 8

Which of these is a major trend inland plants?

Answer 8

the trend towards heterospory

Question 9

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not alga if it…?

Answer 9

has pores

Question 10

Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?

Answer 10

The ancestors of land plant lack the structural support to stand erect in the air.

Question 11

The term gymnosperm refers to plants…

Answer 11

with ‘naked’ seeds

Question 12

Which of the following events likely happened first in Earth;s evolutionary history, based on fossil evidence?

Answer 12

colonization of land by early liverworts and moss

Question 13

As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to be able to see a…?

Answer 13

sporophyte of a fern

Question 14

Stomata…

Answer 14

open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss

Question 15

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants?

Answer 15

heterspory

Question 16

The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to…

Answer 16

reduce dehydration

Question 17

As you hike in the desert, you are most likely to see a…

Answer 17

seed plant

Question 18

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants…

Answer 18

allows it to be nourished by the parent plant

Question 19

In our Case Study of columbines, coevolution was presented as a potential driver of diversity in angiosperms, due to…

Answer 19

mutualistic interactions between columbines and pollinators

Question 20

In the process of alternation of generations, the… stage is haploid and produces….

Answer 20

gametophyte/gametes

Question 21

In plants, the… is an early multicellular stage that develops into the sporophyte.

Answer 21

embryo

Question 22

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because…

Answer 22

protists have a membrane-bound nucleus which bacterial cells lack

Question 23

Which of the following best describes the leading hypothesis on the origin of the nucleus?

Answer 23

the nucleus was formed through infolding of the plasma membrane

Question 24

Which of the following statements is consistent with the assertion that protists are not monophyletic?

Answer 24

some protists evolved into other eukaryotic groups that are not protists

Question 25

The diameter of an average eukaryotic cell is 10 times larger than that of an average bacterial cell. How do eukaryotic cells carry out their cellular processes efficiently?

Answer 25

Eukaryotes divide their volume into compartments

Question 26

Imagine that there are different species of protists living in a pond. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pond gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which protist species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?

Answer 26

the sexually reproducing species

Question 27

Why can dinoflagellate blooms be harmful to humans?

Answer 27

People can get paralytic shellfish poisoning during dinoflagellate blooms

Question 28

Primary production by photosynthetic protists is considered "primary" because...

Answer 28

These protists produce chemical energy by fixing CO2

Question 29

What should be labeled as the zygote?

Answer 29

The little spec after fertilization and before the sporophyte

Question 30

What should be labeled as the gametophyte?

Answer 30

the species that produces the gametes, before fertilization

Question 31

Plant reproductive structures that allow male gametophytes to be transported in the absence of water.

Answer 31

tick A, that is on the branch of the monophyletic algae group

Question 32

Plant reproductive structures that protect the developing sperm and egg cells.

Answer 32

tick B, includes excavata, plantae, rhizara, alveolata, and stramenopila

Question 33

Plant reproductive structures that attract animals that then disperse plant embryos.

Answer 33

tick D, includes archaea, and eukarya

Question 34

Where on the phylogenetic tree should ribosomes go?

Answer 34

tick E, the root of the tree

Question 35

Where on the phylogenetic tree do mitochondria go?

Answer 35

tick C, only includes eukarya

Question 36

... is an example of a nonvascular seedless plant

Answer 36

Marchantia

Question 37

... are producers that don't do alternation of generations.

Answer 37

Chara

Question 38

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, they note the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. Based on the characteristics, this plant is probably most closely related to...?

Answer 38

Fern

Question 39

Sporophyte is dominant on the phylogenetic tree.

Answer 39

tick after liverworts and moss

Question 40

Stomata on the phylogenetic tree

Answer 40

tick right before liverworts and moss

Question 41

Sporopollenin on phylogenetic tree

Answer 41

tick after red algae,

Question 42

Cones on phylogenetic tree

Answer 42

tick that only includes ginkgoes and cycads

Question 43

... is the type of cell division used by plants for asexual reproduction.

Answer 43

Mitosis

Question 44

... is when the haploid and diploid phases of a life cycle are multicellular

Answer 44

Alternation of generations

Question 45

This structure produces pollen

Answer 45

C. anther

Question 46

This structure acts as a secondary attractant to pollinators

Answer 46

E.petal

Question 47

List two different, specific lines of evidence that support the theory of endosymbiosis for the origin of chloroplasts.

Answer 47

1. contain their own circular DNA similar to cyanobacteria 2. Chloroplasts have a double membrane

Question 48

Provide a specific example of an ecologically important thing protists do, and include the lineage or name of the protists that do it.

Answer 48

dinoflagellates produce oxygen and form the base of aquatic food webs

Question 49

Why are seeds adaptive for plants to have? (2 reasons)

Answer 49

1. seeds contain endosperm to support erly growth 2. seeds protect the embryo with tough outer coat

Question 50

Explain the hypothesis that angiosperms are so species-rich because of their relationships with pollinators.

Answer 50

Angiosperms and pollinators coevolved, leading to specialized relationships. Pollinators help angiosperms reproduce more efficiently and diversify into many species