Bio Lecture 4

Question 1

organelle found within an autothrophic, eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

chloroplast

Question 2

After proteins are formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum, what is the next organelle to which they could be transported?

Answer 2

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

help direct the movement of materials or organelles throughout the cell?

Answer 3

rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Not true about the cell theory

Answer 4

It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously

Question 5

Gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles

Answer 5

golgi apparatus

Question 6

smallest unite of living matter

Answer 6

cell

Question 7

a feature unique to bacterial cells

Answer 7

nucleoid region

Question 8

a feature that is NOT found in a bacterial cell

Answer 8

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 9

membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are ___

Answer 9

lysosomes

Question 10

According to the endosymbiosis theory ____ were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

All cells have these two characteristics

Answer 11

have a plasma membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 12

Why is a large surface area: volume ratio needed for cells to function properly?

Answer 12

Adequate surface area (plasma membrane) is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm).

Question 13

A true statement about ribosomes

Answer 13

Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus

Question 14

Chloroplasts are to _____ as _____ are to aerobic respiration

Answer 14

photosynthesis, mitochondria

Question 15

_____ are to ribosomes as lipids are to _____

Answer 15

proteins, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which state is NOT true about bacteria?

Answer 16

bacteria contain membrane bound organelles

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true about bacterial anatomy?

Answer 17

The glycocalyx sheath is located inside the cell wall.

Question 18

Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 18

They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic

Answer 19

Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own.

Question 20

Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT

Answer 20

have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another

Question 21

Mitochondria have an inner membrane system called thylakoid membranes. T/F

Answer 21

False

Question 22

All cells have a cell wall that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. T/F

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Mitochondria are thought to be derived from aerobic bacteria that became part of the eukaryotic cell through endosymbiosis. T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to reproduce independently from the division of the cell. T/F

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Which of these is NOT part of the endomembrane system of the cell?

Answer 25

[A]. mitochondria B. endoplasmic reticulum C. lysosomes D. Golgi complex

Question 26

Membrane-bounded vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic molecules with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are

Answer 26

A. vacuoles. B. vesicles. C. glyoxisomes. D. lysosomes. [E.] peroxisomes.

Question 27

Which is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?

Answer 27

A. A mitochondrion has two membranes. B. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration. [C.] Mitochondria have a single membrane for cellular respiration. D. Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. E. The inner space of the mitochondrion contains a fluid matrix.

Question 28

Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic

Answer 28

A. Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules. B. Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin. [C.] Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants. D. Flagella have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule structure. E. Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella

Question 29

The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one-celled paramecia both have these short hair-like projections.

Answer 29

A. flagella B. microfilaments C. centrioles [D.] cilia E. pili

Question 30

As a cell increases in size, the:

Answer 30

A. surface area increases as the volume decreases. B. surface area, volume and surface area volume ratio increases. [C.] surface area and volume increase, but the surface area: volume ratio decreases. D. surface area and volume decreases the surface area: volume ratio increases.

Question 31

The plant cell's central vacuole

Answer 31

A. provides the plant cell with support. B. stores nutrients and cellular waste products. C. is a reservoir for water. [D.] All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

Of the following, which is NOT associated with the mitochondria?

Answer 32

A. ATP production B. cristae [C.] stroma D. matrix

Question 33

A multicellular organism like a rabbit will be _______________.

Answer 33

A. composed of many cells that are all the same type. B. composed of a single cell. [C.] composed of a variety of different cell types. D. composed of one giant cell.

Question 34

What cellular organelle is responsible for receiving the mRNA and turning it into a protein?

Answer 34

A. Golgi body [B.] ribosome C. nucleus D. lysosome

Question 35

Which statement about the nucleus is incorrect?

Answer 35

A. The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell. B. The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out protein synthesis. C. The nucleus contains the instructions for copying itself. [D.] The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.

Question 36

Which cellular organelle is the most prominent?

Answer 36

[A. ] nucleus B. nucleolus C. lysosome D. mitochondria

Question 37

During the sequencing of DNA into a protein, what is the first step?

Answer 37

[A.] mRNA is copied from a gene B. a ribosome attaches to the mRNA and signals protein synthesis C. SRP binds to the signal peptide to shut down synthesis D. an enzyme removes the signal peptide from the peptide chain

Question 38

DNA is housed within the nucleus, but the mRNA code needs to leave in order to be translated into a protein. How does the mRNA code leave the nucleus if the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope?

Answer 38

A. The nuclear envelope dissolves in order to allow the mRNA code to leave. [B.] The nuclear envelope contains pores that allow the mRNA to exit through. C. A vesicle will bud off from the nuclear envelope containing the mRNA. D. The mRNA will be coded into a protein within the nucleus. Then the protein leaves the nucleus.

Question 39

What structures enable the vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell

Answer 39

[A.] membrane-associated proteins B. phospholipids C. cholesterol molecules within the cell membrane D. secretory vesicles that engulf the Golgi apparatus will allow the vesicles to fuse

Question 40

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of lipids within the cell?

Answer 40

A. Golgi apparatus B. chloroplast C. vacuole [D.] peroxisome

Question 41

Which of the following products are unique to vacuoles?

Answer 41

A. water B. sugars C. water-soluble pigments [D.] all of these are found in vacuoles