Bio Test 2b

Question 1

What activates a G-protein to membrane-bound enzymes?

Answer 1

adenylyl cyclase

phospholipase

Question 2

process of activating G-protein by adenylyl cyclase

Answer 2

• activates by adenylyl cyclase
• ATP amplifies it and creates cyclic AMP
• cyclic amp activates intracellular protein PKA
• goes through membrane of nucleus
• then activates DNA for transcription

Question 3

AMP

Answer 3

adenoscene monophosphate

Question 4

process of activating G-protein by phospholipase

Answer 4

• first G-protein is signaled by signal molecule through the transmembrane protein
• the activated phospholipase travels to the phosphatidylinositol (IP3)
• the IP3 then travels to ER or travels to a DAG
• if to ER, activates the Ca+2 channel to open and travel to activated PKC
• if to DAG, activates the PKC

Question 5

PKA

Answer 5

protein kinase A

Question 6

PKC

Answer 6

protein kinase C

Question 7

secondary messengers

Answer 7

relay messages from receptors to target proteins

• two most widely used: cAMP and Ca+2
• cAMP: made by adenylyl cyclase
• Ca+2: released from ER to IP3

Question 8

G-protein coupled receptors could act indirectly on…

Answer 8

enzymes

ion channels

Question 9

RTK

Answer 9

receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 10

enzyme-coupled receptors typically equip what enzyme?

Answer 10

Kinase

Question 11

enzyme-coupled receptors binding of ligand triggers what of receptors?

Answer 11

dimerization

phosphorylation

Question 12

Phosphorylated sites are bound by what kind of proteins in enzyme-coupled receptors?

Answer 12

intracellular signaling proteins

Question 13

enzyme-coupled receptors are involved in what?

Answer 13

cell proliferation
cell differentiation
death

Question 14

enzyme-coupled receptors

Answer 14

• need two to function
• receptors that are also enzymes
• binding activates adaptor proteins

Question 15

what is ras?

Answer 15

• rat sarcome
• name of gene
• a GTP-binding protein
• oncogen (cancer causing gene)

Question 16

Ras signaling

Answer 16

• active when bound to GTP
• inactive when bound to GDP
• relays signal to MAP kinases
• Ras to MAPKKK to MAPKK to MAPK to target protein
• promotes cell growth and prolieferation

Question 17

MAP

Answer 17

mitogen-activarted protein