1
Q
- A branch of biology that focuses on the study of the structure of organisms in both internal and external parts
A
Anatomy
2
Q
- This refers to the direction of the normal position of an animal
A
Standard Anatomical Position
3
Q
- This refers to the direction of the normal position of an animal
A
Standard Anatomical Position
4
Q
- The standard anatomical position of humans
A
vertical/erect/upright
5
Q
- The standard anatomical position of tetrapod (4-legged) animals
A
Horizontal
6
Q
- The head end; the direction toward the head
A
Cephalic / Cranial / Anterior (Superior for human)
7
Q
- The tail end; the direction toward the tail (In humans, the direction towards the foot)
A
Caudal / Posterior (Inferior for humans)
8
Q
- The back (for humans), the upper side (for horizontal animals)
A
Dorsal (Posterior in humans)
9
Q
- The front (for humans), the upperside (for horizontal animals)
A
Ventral (Anterior in humans)
10
Q
- The sides (Sinistral if left side), (Dextral if right side)
A
Lateral
11
Q
- The middle
A
Median
12
Q
- Describes a position that is closer to the median of the body or near a major point of reference (ex. my elbow is more proximal to my shoulder than my fingers)
A
Proximal
13
Q
- Describe a position that is further from the median of the body or away from a major point of reference (ex. My toes are more distal to my hips than my knee)
A
Distal
14
Q
- A position that is towards the hand/forepaw from the median
A
Palmer
15
Q
- A position that is towards the foot/hindpaw form the median
A
Planter
16
Q
- A position that is towards the nose
A
Rostral
17
Q
- Are hypothetical planes used to transect or divide the body
A
Anatomical Planes
18
Q
- Three (3) principle planes used in anatomy
A
Sagittal/Median Plane, Frontal/Coronal Plane, Transverse Plane/Cross Section
19
Q
- Divides the body into left and right sides
A
Sagittal/Median Plane
20
Q
- The sagittal plane is directly on the median line of the body, dividing the body into equal left and right sides
A
Midsagittal
21
Q
- The sagittal plane is not on the median line, but is parallel to it. The body is divided into unequal left and right sides
A
Parasagittal
22
Q
- Divides the body into front and back / dorsal and ventral sides
A
Frontal / Coronal Plane
23
Q
- Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts (superior or inferior parts); or any plane that cuts vertically across the body at right angles to the sagittal plane
A
Transverse Plane / Cross Section
24
Q
- No symmetry, no definite form, or the body cannot be divided by planes into similar parts
A
Asymmetrical
25
24. Ball-like; can be divided into 2 similar parts by a cut in any direction through the center
Spherical Symmetry
26
25. A number of planes can be drawn through the center, dividing the body into many equal parts. The animal possesses a number of similar parts (called antimeres), which radiate out from a central axis
Radial Symmetry
27
26. refers to the center axis of the organism
Central
28
27. refers to the side of the radial animal where the mouth is located
Oral side
29
28. refers to the side of the radial animal opposite to the oral side
Aboral side
30
29. There is only one plane through which the body can be divided into 2 equal parts (left and right)
Bilateral Symmetry
31
30. The animal is so well-constructed that some organs are also arranged in pairs on either side of the axis
Bilateral Symmetry
32
31. Bilateral animals are the only ones that display
Cephalization
33
32. They possess a head which contain the chief nervous organ and main sense organs
Cephalization
34
33. Which is the repetition of structural subunits when the body is composed of more or less similar parts (each subunit/part is called a metamere or segment)
Metamerism
35
34. External and internal structures divided into similar units
Homologous segmentations
36
35. Animals that are divided into unequal segments/metameres
Heteronomous segmentation
36
34. External and internal structures divided into similar units
Homologous segmentations
