1
Q
What is an example of a quantitative disease?
A
- Osteoporosis
- reduced bone mineral density and increased porosity
2
Q
When is type 1 osteoporosis seen?
A
- post-menopausal
3
Q
When is type 2 osteoporosis seen?
A
- old age
- reduced sunlight
4
Q
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
A
- DEXA scanning
5
Q
Define osteopenia
A
- intermediate stage where bone mineral density is 1-2.5 below mean peak
6
Q
What the the quantitive diagnosis of osteoporosis
A
- mineral density less than 2.5 below mean peak value
7
Q
What is an example of a qualitative disease?
A
- Osteomalacia
- abnormal softening due to deficient mineralization
8
Q
Treatment of osteomalacia/rickets?
A
- Vitamin D therapy
- calcium and phopshate supplementation
9
Q
What is a primary cause of hyperparathyroidism?
A
- Benign adenoma, hyperplasia of parathyroid gland
10
Q
What is a secondary cause of hyperparathyroidism?
A
- Physiological overproduction of PTH secondary to hypocalcaemia
11
Q
What is a tertiary cause of hyperparathyroidism?
A
- chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism who develop an adenoma
12
Q
What causes hyperparathyroidism?
A
- Overactivity of the parathyroid gland
