2ND YR- CSA- E lecs > Biocompatability > Flashcards

Biocompatability Flashcards

(57 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is a biomaterial?

A

Any substance (other than drugs) or combination of substances, synthetic or natural in origin which can be used for any period of time which treats, augments or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name some common biomaterial used in medicine

A
  1. Artificial heart valves

2. Hip joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give some examples fo biomaterials used in dent

A

Restorative materials likeamalgams and casting alloys and implants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the life time of an amalgam filling?

A

14 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Briefly outline the sequence of emends that occurs wen the body experiences an injury

A
  1. Coagulation
  2. Acute inflammation
  3. Chronic inflammation
  4. Immune response
  5. Wound healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define biocompatibility

A

The ability of a material to elicit an appropriate response in given application.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 important factors in biocompatibility?

A
  1. Interactions between host the patient
  2. Material
  3. Function of materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can cause the response of the body to material to change?

A
  1. Disease
  2. Ageing
  3. Corrosion
  4. Fatigue
  5. Diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is biocompatibility relevant to dentists?

A
  1. Safety of the patient
  2. Safety of the dental staff
  3. Legal liability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some of the potential biological effects of dental materials

A
  1. Cancer

2. Allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a toxic material defined as?

A

A material the releases a chemical in sufficient quantities to kill cells either directly of indirectly through inhibition of key metabolism pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are toxic reactions dependent?

A

Toxic reactions are dose dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can trigger a toxic effect?

A

A one time large dose above threshold
OR
Repeated small doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is it unlikely that a one time exposure will lead to a toxic reactions in a dental setting ?

A

As dental materials are largely insoluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give examples of materials that cam cause allergies in a dental environment?

A
  1. Eugenol
  2. Mercury
  3. Nickel
  4. Chromium
  5. Cobalt
  6. Components of resin based material
  7. Formaldehyde
  8. Methyl Methacrylate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name common materials hat are known allergens in the dental environment

A
  1. Nickel
  2. Methacrylates
  3. Resin based materials
  4. Latex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is risk of exposure to the dental staff greater than risk to the patients?

A

As they are exposed to toxic materials everyday for long years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What materials present. greater risk to dental technicians

A

1 Acrylic resin

  1. Metals like Beryllium
  2. Gypsum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What intra oral reactions can occur if a patient has an adverse effect from dental materials?

A
  1. Lichen plants type reaction
  2. Swelling, tenderness and reddening
  3. Burning sensation and/or taste changes
  4. Ulceration or blisters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What reactions can occur to the face and/or lips if a patient has an adverse effect from dental materials?

A
  1. Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
  2. Ulceration or blisters
  3. Dermatitis, eczema or urticaria
  4. Burning sensation and/or tingling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What reactions can occur to the hand, wrists and/or finger reactions if a patient has an adverse effect from dental materials?

A
  1. Dermatitis, eczema or urticaria
  2. Itching, dry, cracked and/or burning skin
  3. Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
  4. Ulceration, blisters or vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What general reactions can occur if a patient has an adverse effect from dental materials?

A
  1. Breathing problems wheezing and asthma
  2. Runny irritated and/or nose
  3. Coughing, sneezing and/or sore threat
  4. Headache, nausea and/or dizziness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What considerations do we need to make when determining the significance of current data regarding dental exposure risk?

Study These Flashcards
A

We need to consider:

  1. that exposure potential is different among patients, dental workers and industrial workers involved in raw manufacture of the materials
  2. Human factors
  3. Exposure factors
24
Q

What 2 things do e measure when making a risk assessment for mercury in amalgam filings?

Study These Flashcards
A

LOAEL: Lowest observed adverse effect level
NOAEL: No observed adverse effect level

25
What does LOAEL stand for?
Lowest observed adverse effect level
26
What does NOAEL stand for?
No observed adverse effect level
27
What is the NOAEL threshold for the normal public?
5ug/m3
28
Give examples of human factors we should be considering when determining the significance of current data regarding dental exposure risk
1. Age 2. Sex 3. Foetal exposure 4. Allergic potential 5. Diet 6. Pre existing disease 7. Nutritional status
29
Give examples of human factors we should be considering when determining the significance of current data regarding dental exposure risk
1. Quantity 2. Route 3. Length pf exposure 4. Accumulation in tissues 5. Excretion characteristics
30
According to the WHO who are essential elements?
Elements the are necessary for many physiological factors
31
Name the elements the WHO considers are essential
1. Zinc 2. Iodine 3. Selenium 4. Cobalt 5. Iron 6. Molybdenum 7 Copper 8. Chromium
32
If a biomaterial consists essential elements does that mean it is biocompatible ?
NO | Just because a biomaterial consists of elements normally found in the body does not ensure its biocompatibility.
33
Why are biomaterials that have essential elements no considered biocompatible?
Because Reactions between elements already present in the biological environment and the material must also be considered
34
Describe what can happen to some of the metals used in restorations when they react with the environment
Metals undergo chemical or electrochemical reactions with the environment, resulting in dissolution or formation of chemical compounds. This is called corrosion.
35
What is the most common dental disease in the western society?
Tooth decay
36
List some things that amalgam has allegedly been responsive for
1. Irritability and anger 2. Low self confidence 3. Decline of intellect 4. Memory loss and drowsiness 5. Insomnia 6. Hypoxia 7. Changes in BP and HR 8. chest pain
37
Which form of mercury is associated with biosynthesis and bio accumulation in fish?
Methy mercury
38
When is mercury exposure a risk in dentistry?
1. Preparation of amalgam 2. Placement of amalgam, 3. Removal of amalgam 4, Polishing amalgam 5. Incorrect storage or spillage of amalgam 6. Waste amalgam
39
Name some of the issues need to consider when assessing the biological response of materials?
1. The location of the material 2. The duration of the material 3. Stress laced on the material
40
What are the. basic tests used to measure the biocompatibility of dental materials?
1. In vitro tests 2. Animal tests 3. Usage tests
41
Where are in vitro tests performed?
Outside an organism | They may be conducted either in a test-tube or in a cell dish.
42
Briefly go through the steps of an in vitro test
1. The material or the extract of the material is placed into contact with some biological system 2. The contact of the material with the system may be direct or indirect.. Using the cell cultures and techniques basic biological poverties of a dental material can be investigated (eg toxicity)
43
Give some examples of biological systems that can be used in an in vitro test
1. Mammalian cells 2. Cellular organelles 3. Tissues 4. bacteria 5 Some sort of enzyme
44
Give some of the advantages of an IN vitro test
1. Controllable 2. Can isolate 3. Repeatable 4. Fast 5. Relatively inexpensive 6. Relatively simple
45
Give some of the disadvantages of an In vitro test
May provide misleading results
46
Where are usage and animal tests performed?
The materials are placed inside an intact organism
47
What organisms are usually used in animal tests?
1. Mice 2. Rats 3. Hamsters 4. Ferrets 5. Guinea Pigs
48
What are animals exposed to in animal testing?
Animals are expose to the material without regard to the materials final use
49
what is an advantage of animal tests?
The material may interact with the many complex biological systems within the animal and therefore a more complete biological response is measured.
50
Where are the materials required to be placed when performing a page test
To be placed in an environment clinical relevant to the use of the material
51
Give an advantages of the usage test
It is the most relevant test
52
Give some disadvantages of the usage test
1. Expensive 2. Time-consuming 3. Very difficult to control 4. Difficult to interpret 5 Legal and ethical issues
53
Is is possible to biologically characterise a dental material by a single test method ?
No a combination of tests should be used
54
Are dental materials considers drugs or devices?
Devices
55
According to the FDA what are devices required show in comparison to drugs?
devices are required to show safety only however the drugs must show safety and efficacy.
56
What aspects must we consider when a patients new filling?
1. Systemic health 2. Patient habits 3. Ou expectations 4. Dynamic relationship between material host and function
57
When deciding whether to using are materials what should we consider?
1. What tests were used to assess this material 2. Clinical trials 3. Dynamic ad ongoing process 4. Risk-benefit decision
2ND YR- CSA- E lecs
flashcards
Decks in class (14)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions