1
Q
What is biodiversity?
A
- variety of living organisms in an area, inc species diversity, genetic diversity + ecosystem diversity
2
Q
What is species diversity?
A
- NO° of diff species + NO° of individuals of each species within a community
3
Q
What is species richness?
A
- NO° of diff species in a community
4
Q
What is genetic diversity?
A
- NO° of diff alleles of genes in a population
5
Q
What is index of diversity?
A
- measure of species diversity, describing relationship between NO° of species in a community + NO° of individuals in each species
6
Q
How do you calculate index of diversity (d)?
A
d = N(N-1)/Σn(n-1)
- N = total NO° of organisms
- n = total NO° of individuals of each species
7
Q
What farming techniques reduce biodiversity?
A
- destruction of hedgerows
- selective breeding
- monocultures
- over grazing
- ponds filled in + wetlands drained
8
Q
How does destruction of hedgerows dec biodiversity?
A
- bc hedgerows provide habitat for insects + small birds + animals
9
Q
How does selective breeding dec biodiversity?
A
- organisms w desirable characteristics are selected to reproduce, ensuring these characteristics are expressed in future gens
- narrows down gene pool, dec diversity
10
Q
How do monocultures dec biodiversity?
A
- only 1 type of crop species grown
- dec diversity bc attracts same insects that feed on it
11
Q
How does over-grazing dec biodiversity?
A
- livestock left to overgraze, so dec plant species affecting food web
12
Q
How does draining wetlands dec biodiversity?
A
- removes habitats for aquatic species to provide space for farming
13
Q
What are the compromises between conservation + farming?
A
- remove only a certain NO° of hedgerows
- only selectively breed in a particular area + to particular species
- crop rotations for monocultures
14
Q
What is a niche?
A
- role of a species within its ecosystem, inc its habitat + interactions w biotic + abiotic factors
15
Q
Describe the method used for random sampling.
A
- lie 2 tape measures at a right angle to form a coordinate grid (big so is representative of area)
- use a random NO° generator to generate random coordinates
- place quadrat + collect data (NO° of individuals of species)
- repeat many times + calculate mean
16
Q
Describe the method used for systematic sampling.
A
- stretch a tape measure across area along envi gradient being studied
- place a quadrat at regular intervals along line (e.g. every 2m)
- collect data (NO° of individuals of species)
- use data to observe how species distribution changes along transect
