Biodiversity

Question 1

What is the binomial naming system?

Answer 1

Universal system based on Latin and Greek names. The first name (generic name) is based on the genus of the species. The second name (the specific name) is based on the species to which the organism belongs.

Question 2

Suggest 4 things courtship behaviour enables individuals to do.

Answer 2

• Recognise members of their own species,
• Identify a mate that is capable of mating,
• Form a pair bond,
• Synchronise mating,
• Become able to breed.

Question 3

What is the grouping of organisms called?

Answer 3

Classification.

Question 4

What is the theory and practice of biological classification called?

Answer 4

Taxonomy

Question 5

What is artificial classification?

Answer 5

Dividing the species into groups that are useful at the time, eg. colour.

Question 6

What three things is phylogenic classification based on?

Answer 6

• Evolutionary relationships,
• Classifies into groups of shared features depending on ancestory,
• Arranges the groups into a hierarchy with no overlapping groups.

Question 7

What are the three domains?

Answer 7

Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea.

Question 8

What is the hierarchial order of taxonomic ranks?

Answer 8

• Domain,
• Kingdom,
• Phylum,
• Class,
• Order,
• Family,
• Genus,
• Species.

Question 9

Name three types of diversity.

Answer 9

• Species diversity (number of species and number in each species in a community),
• Genetic diversity (frequency of alleles in a population),
• Ecosystem diversity (range of different habitats in a location).

Question 10

What is species richness?

Answer 10

The number different species in a given area in a given time.

Question 11

How would you calculate the index of diversity?

Answer 11

Total number of organisms of all species x (N-1) / total number of organisms of each species x (n-1).

Question 12

What does gene technology do?

Answer 12

Attaches a colour to each base, producing a series of coloured bands which can be compared.

Question 13

What is interspecific variation?

Answer 13

One species differing from another.

Question 14

What is intraspecific variation?

Answer 14

Members of one species differing from one another.

Question 15

Give three ways of determining evolutionary relationships.

Answer 15

• Genome sequencing,
• Comparing amino acid sequences,
• Immunological comparisons.