bioethics

Question 1

Ethical approaches: define the consequence based approach

Answer 1

• consequences of outcomes (good and bad)
• maximise positive and minimise negative results

Question 2

Ethical approaches: define the duty/rules based approach

Answer 2

• people have an obligation to follow duties even if it leads to negative consequences

(e.g. duty could be a job, position in society)

Question 3

Ethical approaches: define the virtues based approach

Answer 3

• How would a good person act?
• act in accordance with values and morals
• honesty, courage, fairness, compassion
• treat animals humanely, value their welfare

Question 4

Bioethical concepts: define integrity

Answer 4

• open and honest about treatments, research, methods, findings even when outcomes are not positive

Question 5

Bioethical concepts: define justice

Answer 5

• equal distribution of treatment, consequences, research findings without discrimination
• people get what they deserve

Question 6

Bioethical concepts: define beneficence

Answer 6

• Striving to always do good, improve conditions, maximise benefits
  e.g. ensure benefits of vaccine outweigh potential harm

Question 7

Bioethical concepts: define non-maleficence

Answer 7

• avoid harm
• minimise negative

e.g. the treatment must be tested to see if it is safe, ensure vaccine does not cause harm to participants

Question 8

Bioethical concepts: define respect

Answer 8

• uphold others’ values, beliefs, welfare, freedom and autonomy
• allows someone to practice independence and freedom
  (e.g. getting informed consent, considering needs of participants)

Question 9

Bioethical implications: define biological implications

Answer 9

• harm or help species

Question 10

Bioethical implications: define social implications

Answer 10

• leads to more equality or inequality within society
  (between countries/families/communities)

Question 11

Bioethical implications: define economic implications

Answer 11

• financial effect on a situation/person

Question 12

Bioethical implications: define political/legal implications

Answer 12

• decisions by government in implementing policies
• laws that apply