Biology > Biology Final S1 > Flashcards

Biology Final S1 Flashcards

(86 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Define Biology

A

The study of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the eight (8) characteristics of living organisms

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Heredity
  3. Cellular Organization
  4. Growth and Development
  5. Response to Stimuli
  6. Adaptation through Evolution
  7. Homeostasis
  8. Metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the steps of the scientific method

A
  1. Observe
  2. Question
  3. Research
  4. Hypothesis
  5. Experiment
  6. Test hypothesis
  7. Draw conclusion
  8. Report
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the difference between an independent and dependent variable

A

Independent- Factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed; also called manipulated variable

Dependent- Variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Distinguish between a control group and an experimental group

A

Control group- an experiment in which only one variable is changed

Experimental group- The group that receives the variable being tested in an experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distinguish between hypothesis-theory- law

A

Hypothesis- possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question
Theory- well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Law- mathematical statement that tells you how somethings\ happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the levels of organization starting with the cell

A

Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define metabolism

A

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List 2 examples of homeostasis in humans

A

Shivering - Response to being cold
Sweating - Response to being hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is FLAT

A

Fit- 1. count number of rows
2. count number of columns
3.from data subtract lowest from highest (range)
4. divide answer from #3 by number or rows or column
Label- Scale units
Axis- Label the axis correctly
Title

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give an example of an element and a compound

A

Element- hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
Compound- H2O (water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2H2+O2 - 2H2O
A. What is/are the products
B. What is/are the reactants

A

A. the product is what’s formed after the chemical reaction (2H2O)
B. the reactions are the elements seperated in the chemical reaction (2H2+O2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion of a water molecule?

A

Adhesion- water is attracted to other substances
Cohesion- water is attracted to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pH range for acids?

A

1-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pH of bases?

A

8-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 4 main elements found in macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The monomers of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic acids

A

P- Amino acids
C- Simple sugars (monosaccharide)
L- Fatty acids
Na- Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The function of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic acids

A

P- Storage, Transport, Regulatory, movement structure enzymes
C- Energy storage
L- Energy storage, forms cell membranes, chemical messengers protection/Insulin
Na- Carries genetic information to make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Examples of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic acids

A

P- Keratin (hair, nails) muscles, silk, nut, beans, albumin hemoglobin, insulin
C- Glucose (sugar), starch, glycogen, cellulose
L- Fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, vitamins, phospholipids (cell membrane)
Na- DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of an enzyme?

A

weakens bonds which lowers activation energy/ helps speed up metabolsim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an enzyme made of?

A

Proteins/Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is ecology?

A

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define the following terms
a. Populations
b. Communities
c. Ecosystems
d. Biosphere

A

A. group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
B. assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
C.all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment
D. part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define what an abiotic factor is and give 3 examples
physical, or nonliving component of the environment - sunlight - water - air
26
Define what a biotic factor is and give 3 examples
any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact - fungi - plants - animals
27
What is the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph
Autotroph-organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds Heterotroph- organism that must obtain energy by consuming other organisms; cannot directly acquire energy from the environment
28
What is the difference between: herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and detritivores
H- eat plants O- eat plants and animals C- Eats meat D- feeds on bits of plant and animal remains and other particles
29
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web
A food chain outlines who eats whom and a food web is all of the foos chains in an ecosystem
30
Create a food chain using the following items: sun, rabbit, lettuce, fox
Sun-Lettuce-Rabbit-Fox
31
What is the rule of 10% in an energy pyramid?
Only 10% of energy can be passed on to the next trophic level
32
Describe how you can identify a primary consumer in a food chain
The organisms that eat the producers
33
What is the difference between exponential growth and logistic growth?
E- Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at an ever increasing rate L- Growth pattern in which a population's growth slows and the stops following a period of exponential growth
34
Define a limiting factor and list some limiting factors in a population
Factor that causes population growth to decrease - Temperature - Food and Water - Sunlight
35
What is the difference between density-dependent and density-independent limiting factor?
DD- Limiting factor that depends on population density DI-Limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population density
36
What is carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support
37
Give an example of a predator and its prey
Hawk-Coyotes Fly-Frog
38
What is a niche
biological conditions in which an organism lives AND the way in which the organism uses those conditions
39
What is a habitat
An area with organisms lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.
40
What is the difference between the following symbiotic relationships: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism
(+, Ø) C- A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+,+) M- A relationship between two species in which both species benefit (+,-) P- A relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed
41
What is the difference between primary succession and secondary seccuession
PS- succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists or remnants of other communities exist SS- when a disturbance of some kind changes an existing community without destroying it, soil remains intact
42
Define climax community
An ecological community in which populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment.
43
Give an example of a pioneer species
Bacteria, Mosses, Fungi, Linchen
44
List the 3 parts of the cell theory
1. All living thing are made up of cells 2, Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
45
A microscope has 10x ocular lens and a 4x objective, what is the total magnification?
40x
46
When using the high-power objective, what should you NOT adjust
coarse adjustment knob
47
List the differences between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell, and give an example of each.
P- cells with NO membrane bound organelles & NO nucleus ex. Bacteria E- A cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles ex. muscle cell, bone cell, cancer cell
48
What does it mean to move WITH a concentration gradient?
Passive Transport -No energy the particles move from areas of high concentrations to areas of low concentrations.
49
What does it mean to move AGAINST a concentration gradient?
Active Transport- energy moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
50
Why does salting the meat before it's cooked make the meat dryer?
The salt draws out the water and other substances from the surface of the met.
51
Describe the purpose of mitosis
Grow Repair Replace worn out cells
52
Describe how cell become different and why they need to be different
Cell differentiation is how genetic embryonic cells become specialized cells, this occurs through a process called gene expressions, they move to be different to carry a particular function out.
53
Describe the function of a cell membrane, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Plant-Yes Animal-Yes
54
Describe the function of a cell wall, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
Surrounds the cell membrane; Shapes, supports, and protects the cell; found in prokaryotes, plants, and fungi Plant-yes Animal-No
55
Describe the function of a chloroplast, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
Organelle that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy stored in food during photosynthesis Plant-yes Animal-no
56
Describe the function of a endoplasmic reticulum, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell Plant-yes Animal-yes
57
Describe the function of a golgi apparatus, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
Flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins Plant-yes Animal-yes
58
Describe the function of mitochondria, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Plant- yes Animal-yes
59
Describe the function of the nucleus, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
A large membrane enclosed structure that contains genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities Plant-yes Animal-yes
60
Describe the function of ribosomes, is it found in a plant cell, what about an animal cell?
Organelle that produces protein by following instructions from DNA Plant-yes Animal-yes
61
Describe what interphase is
- The portion of the cell that includes G1, G2, and synthesis - Cells grow and reproduce
62
Describe what prophase is
- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - nuclear membrane disappears - Spindle fibers form
63
Describe what metaphase is
- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
64
Describe what anaphase is
- Chromosomes pull apart into chromatids
65
Describe what telaphase is
- Chromosomes return to chromatin - nuclear membrane reappears - spindle fibers disappear
66
List the three parts of cell theory
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells The basic unit structure and function in living organisms Cells come from pre-existing cells
67
When using high-power objective, what should you NOT adjust?
Coarse adjustment knob
68
A microscope has a 10X ocular lens and a 4X objective, whats the total magnification?
40X
69
cell membrane
acts as a protective barrier controlling what enters and exits the cell. Found in plant and animal cells
70
cell wall
A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane Found in plant cells
71
chloroplast
Responsible for a process called photosynthesis
72
smooth ER
no ribosomes, involved in lipid metabolism, detoxification of harmful substances Found in Plant and Animal cells
73
Rough ER
covered in ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis Found in plant and animal cells
74
Golgi Apparatus
Responsible for packaging, modifying, and sorting proteins and lipids for transportation. Found in plant and animal cells
75
mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration. Found in plant and animal cells
76
nucleus
Control center, contains genetic material (DNA) which are instructions for making proteins and controlling cell activities found in plant and animal cells
77
ribosome
responsible for synthesizing proteins found in plant and animal cells
78
what does it mean to move WITH a concentration gradient?
moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
79
what does it mean to move AGAINST a concentration gradient
moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
80
cell transport is regulated by
cell membrane
81
cell membrane is made of
phospholipids
82
active transport requires
energy
83
why does salting meat before its cooked make the meat dryer?
if you use enough salt, water will be drawn out and the meat will be dry.
84
the purpose of mitosis
to replace worn out cells, make new cells, and growth
85
How do cells become different
differentiation
86
why do cells need to be different?
different cells have different functions and contribute to the functioning of our bodies
Biology
flashcards
Decks in class (1)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions