what are the key elements
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulphur
what are proteins
most elaborate organic molecules
perform the majority of the tasks
what bonds proteins
Peptide bond, between amino and carboxyl group
what are the parts of protein
Amino Group
R-group
Carboxyl Group
what is the primary protein structure
sequence of amino acids determined by DNA
Secondary protein structure
coils (alpha helix) and folds (beta pleated sheet) held by H-bonds
Tertiary Structure of Proteins
Interactions between r-groups
Quaternary Structure
2+ polypeptide chains form a macromolecule
Denaturation
when proteins unfold due the influence of chemicals and high temperatures
Functions of proteins
Structural Support
Storage of Amino Acids
Transport of Substances
Cellular Communications
Movement
Defense against foreign substances
Speeding chemical reactions
(Super Scientists Track Cellular Mechanisms During Studies)
Enzymes
they lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction
Function of Nucleic Acids
Store and Transmit information
What are nucleotides
The single molecule of a nucleic acid
The parts of nucleotides
pentose, phosphate group and nitrogenous base
What is DNA
double helix held together between H-bonds run anti-parallel
Chromatin
DNA with histones
Genes
regions of DNA that program the primary structure of proteins
Chromosome
folded chromatin
DNA bases
Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine and Thymine (Gerald the CAT)
Benefits of Double Strand
Two templates for DNA replication and RNA formation
Stable structure
Pyrimidines
Single Ring Structure (C and T)
Purines
Double Ring Structure (G and A)
Strongest DNA bond
Between G-C
RNA
Single stranded pattern that may fold on itself to form 3D molecules
