Birmingham Case Study- Structural Change

Question 1

Key Facts

Answer 1

Located in the heart of the West Midlands
Population: 1.18 million making it the second largest city after London.

Question 2

1166

Answer 2

Economic Growth
Development of market town
Founded by the De Burmingham family
Increase in Jobs
Increase in trade= increase in economy

Question 3

1760-1840

Answer 3

Industrial revolution
1700: Population 15000
Middle class increase and banking and law developed
1761: Matthew Bolton founded the first factory in the world ‘Soho manufacturing’
Cadbury factory set up Bourneville and model village
Transport infrastructure developed- Canal network, London to birmingham railway 1838
Gun, jewellery, button and brass industries dominated

Question 4

1900-50s

Answer 4

Economic growth
1906- Austin car plant
1917- Dunlop- 10,000 employees
Chemical Industry
Population growth, terraced houses
Trams, buses, cars
Semi-detached
Inner city areas such as Aston was of poor quality with lots of air pollution
Dominantly white males

Question 5

1950s/60s

Answer 5

Prosperous- Unemployment below 1%

Question 6

1960s/70s

Answer 6

Economic decline
Decline due to global economic recession and oil crisis of 1973
Increased competition overseas- Japan car companies
Significant in migration
Became a cosmopolitan city- ethnic diversity, food, shops and restaurants
Greenbelt established

Question 7

1990- Present day

Answer 7

Regeneration and economic growth
NEC- 10,000 jobs
BHX
Birmingham heartlands development corporation- 1992
Centenary square and Town hall
International convention centre and Symphony hall- 1991
Unis- 50,000 students- Brings wealth
Brindley place- River and canal trust cleaned the canals and upgraded street furniture
Bullring and Grand central station- 1000 jobs- 50M visitors per year

Question 8

Future 2020 onwards

Answer 8

Economic growth?
HS2
Commonwealth games

Question 9

Local Gov- Role of players

Answer 9

Inward investment- NEC and BHX expansion

Question 10

National Gov- Role of players

Answer 10

City challenge and regeneration budget used to regenerate places in BH- Heartlands Development corp created to regenerate industrial areas
New deal for communities provided with broadband and work experience in 1999

Question 11

Planning and flagship- Role of players

Answer 11

Public spaces- Centenary hall, Victoria square, council house and town hall
3 unis- 50,000 students
Bullring
Canals revitalised via the canal and river trust

Question 12

Transport- Role of players

Answer 12

New street train station- £700m
Tram systems back in operation
HS2 back in pipeline to connect London and BH in under 50 minutes
BH in centre of UK’s motorway system

Question 13

Future- Roles of players

Answer 13

Birmingham development plan deals with development and regeneration in the city up to 2031 and will decide on changes for the decades to come