BL Endocrine

Question 1

Location of the pituitary gland

Answer 1

Below the hypothalamus at the base of the brain

Question 2

Location of the thyroid gland

Answer 2

Anterior to the trachea

Question 3

Location of the parathyroid gland

Answer 3

On dorsal surface of the thyroid gland

Question 4

Location of the adrenal gods

Answer 4

On top of each kidney

Question 5

Location of the pancreas

Answer 5

Left of and posterior to the stomach

Question 6

What does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

Answer 6

TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
GH

Question 7

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 7

ADH
Oxytocin

Question 8

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 8

Thyroxine - T4
Triodothyroinine - T3

Question 9

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

Answer 9

Parathormone PTH

Question 10

What does the adrenal gland secrete?

Answer 10

Adrenaline + noradreline

Corticosteroids, glucosteroid + mineralcorticoids

Question 11

What are the types of hormones?

Answer 11

Glycoproteins + peptide
Steroid
Amino acid derived - catecholamines + thyroid
Lipid

Question 12

For steroid hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

Answer 12

• made on demand from precursors
• bound to carrier proteins
• cytoplasm or nucleus
• activation of gens for transcription + translation
• e.g. oestrogen, androgen, cortisol

Question 13

For glycoproteins + peptides ormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

Answer 13

• made in advance + stored in secretory vesicles
• dissolved in plasma
• cell membrane
• activation of 2nd messenger systems
• e.g. insulin, glucagon, ACTH, PTH

Question 14

For thyroid hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

Answer 14

• made in advance + store in secretory vesicles
• bound to carrier proteins
• nucleus
• activation of genes for transcription + translation
• e.g. T3+T4

Question 15

For catecholamines hormones outline:
- synthesis and storage
- transport in blood
- location of receptor
- response to receptor-ligand binding
- examples

Answer 15

• made in advance + stored in secretory vesicles
• dissolved in plasma
• cell membrane
• activation of second messenger systems
• e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine

Question 16

What are portal systems?

Answer 16

Blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before retuning to heart

Question 17

What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?

Answer 17

The portal system through the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

Question 18

What are the portal systems of the body?

Answer 18

Hepatic portal system
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Question 19

When does the development of endocrine system start?

Answer 19

From week 5 of development onwards

Question 20

What does PTH do?

Answer 20

Monitors Ca2+ conc.

Question 21

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 21

• a cells - glucagon
• B cells - insulin
• d cells - somatostatin - inhibits glucagon + insulin releases

Question 22

What do parafollicular cells secrete?

Answer 22

Calcitonin

Question 23

What is the function of calcitonin?

Answer 23

• Inhibits oestoclast activity in bone
• inhibits renal Ca2+ and phosphate reabsorption > more excreted